LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 



(hap, Copyright No. 

Shelf_l__T^ 53 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



"WASTE NOT, WANT NOT." 



HOME ECONOMY, 



ETC 



SECOND EDITION. 

8 i 1895 



COMPILED AND EDITED BY P. P. PRATT 



SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH. 



ECONOMY IS WEALTH," 



& 







COPYRIGHT, 1S95, BY P. P. PRATT. 



to 



S.,5 



PRINTED AT GEO. Q. CANNON & SONS CO., SALT LAKE CITY. 



PREFACE. 

The first edition of this little work having been re- 
ceive with tavor, I now venture to offer my friends and 
the general public, a new, revised, and enlarged edition. 
The subject matter of this hand-book of reference and 
home formulas has been colated, compiled and arranged 
with care, principally from rare and costly scientific 
works (to which the masses do not have access), — with 
new home facts from other sources, now presented in a 
condensed, cheap and simplified form. The object of 
the compiler has been to give a few key-notes on home 
economy and health, and the getting, spending and sav- 
ing of money. How well we have succeeded a charitable 
public must decide. 

The Compiler and Editor. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 



Avoid Debt. — Every man who would get on in the 
world, should, as far as possible, avoid debt. From the 
very outset of his career he should resolve to live within 
his income, however paltry it may be. The art of living 
easily as to money is very simple— pitch your scale of 
living one degree below your means. All the world's 
wisdom on the subject is most tersely epitomized in the 
words of Dicken's Micawber: Annual income, twenty 
pounds; annual expenditure, nineteen pounds sixpence; 
result, happiness. Annual income, twenty pounds; 
annual expenditure, twenty pounds and sixpence; result, 
misery. Many a man dates his downfall from the day 
when he began borrowing money. Avoid the first obliga- 
tion, for that incurred others follow, one necessitating 
the other. Every day the victim will get more en- 
tangled; then follow pretexts, excuses, lies, till all sense 
of shame is lost, the whole life becomes a makeshift, 
and the debtor in despair finally resolves to live by 
indirect robbery and falsehood. — Edison's New Ency- 
clopaedia. 

A Wilful Child. — If we take our wilful ones aside, 
and, speaking to them in an earnest, loving, and yet 
calm and temperate spirit, persuade them we only wish 
their highest good, depend upon it, the day is ours. — 
"Gems of Thought," Canadian Family Herald, Dec, 1894. 

Abstinence as a Cure for Disease.— Disease may 

often be cured by abstinence from all food and drink, 



b HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

especially if the disorders have been produced by luxu- 
rious living and repletion. The latter overtaxes nature, 
and it rebels against such treatment. Indigestion, gid- 
diness, headache, mental depression, etc., are often the 
effects of greediness in meat and drink. Omitting one, 
two, or three meals, or more, allows the system to rest, 
to regain strength, and allows the clogged organs to dis- 
pose of their burdens. The practice of drug-taking to 
cleanse the stomach, though it may give the needed re- 
lief, always weakens the system, while abstinence often 
secures the same result, and yet does no injury. — Dick's 
Encyclopaedia . 

Age to Marry. — Dr. Granville, of France, claims 
to prove from French history and statistics, that the 
"best results from marriage would follow, did our girls 
not marry until after twent>, and our men till after 
twenty-two or even twenty-four." — GaskelVs Compendium 
of Forms. 

Apple Tree Borer Preventative.— A. E. Wallace, 
Milton, Que., wishes to know the best preventative for 
apple borers. 

Answer — I have experienced no difficulty in preventing 
injury from this insect in the orchard of the Experimen- 
tal Farm during the past six years. The course followed 
here is to wash the trunks of the trees during the first 
week in June, with a solution of washing soda and soft 
soap, made of sal soda and soft soap, in the following 
proportions: Dissolve one pound of washing soda (sal 
soda) in one gallon of water and thicken this to the con- 
sistency of paint by the addition of soft soap. Apply to 
the main branches and trunks of the trees, as low as 
possible, with a whitewash brush. If after the applica- 
tion is made rain does not follow till it has become 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. i 

dried, it will form a more or less resinous coating on the 
bark of the tree, which has the effect of preventing the 
deposition or at least the hatching of the eggs by the 
adult beetle, the larvae of which is known as the "Apple 
Tree Borer." This treatment has also the effect of de- 
stroying other scale insects affecting the apple, besides 
keeping the bark in a healthy and growing condition. 
When trees have become infected with borers the only 
remedy lies in carefully examining the base of the trunk 
of each tree during the month of June. The presence of 
the borer is readily detected by the characteristic de- 
posit of sawdust-like chips. The larvae should then be 
destroyed by probing with a piece of flexible wire. — J. C. 
Canada. 

Artificial Skin for Cuts, etc.— A small quantity of 
collodion applied with a brush to a cut or wound will 
produce a perfect artificial covering which is more elas- 
tic than plaster, and insoluble in cold water. — U. S. 

Pharmacopoeia. 

Alfalfa or Lucern. — "The philosophers have been 
inquiring into the secrets of the alfalfa plant, and have 
found that the hay is, in money value, 45 per cent, bet- 
ter than clover, and 60 per cent, better than timothy. 
This," writes the editor of the Field and farm, "carries 
out our long-expressed theory that alfalfa is the greatest 
all-round forage plant the world has ever known. — Kansas 
State Board of Agriculture, Nov. jo, 1894. 

Asafcetida : Medical Properties and Uses.— It is 

employed in the treatment of hysteria, convulsions, 
spasm of the stomach and bowels, and nervous disorders. 
Good for croup, measles and catarrh. — U. S. Dis. 

Cross or Nervous Person or Child. — Asafoetida 



8 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

one desert spoonful. Brandy one half-pint. Bottle, 
label, cork, and shake and let settle. Dose for child, 
one teaspoonful, with a little water, once or twice a 
day. — Mrs. Lucy Brady, Union. 

Ants. — To destroy ants, — Powdered borax sprinkled 
around the infested places will exterminate both red and 
black ants. Red ants may be banished from a pantry or 
storeroom by strewing on the shelves a small quantity of 
cloves, either whole or powdered. Red pepper sprinkled 
around is another good remedy. 

Another good plan is to grease a tin plate with lard, 
placing a few sticks for the ants to climb upon. Occa- 
sionally turn the plate bottom up over the fire and the 
ants will fall in with the melted lard. Gum camphor rub- 
bed on the shelves two or three times a week is also 
said to be an effective means of getting rid of these pests. 
— Canadian Family Herald, Aug. 14, 1894. Edison Cyclo- 
pedia, iSpj. 

Another plan. Dig up the ant beds, mix into a stiff 
morar and wheel them away. — James C Brown, Sandy 
City, Utah. 

Axle Grease. — An excellent axle grease is prepared 
by melting in an open, capacious iron boiler, over a 
moderate fire, one part of red transparent rosin and one 
of rendered tallow. When the melting is complete add 
gradually and with constant stirring one part of caustic 
soda-lye. When the mixture ceases to rise, add one part 
of linseed oil; let the whole boil for a quarter of an hour. 
Strain while boiling hot through a cotton cloth into a 
clean vessel and let it cool. This will give a beautiful 
lemon-colored buttery grease, which does not gum. — 
Canadian Family Herald, Dec, 1894. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 9/ 

A Practical Lesson in Poultry.— The following 

from a Canada farmer and reported from the Ottawa sta- 
tion, will be read with interest by readers who desire to 
know what a small number of hens will do when well 
cared for and fed. 

Eggs laid by fifteen Plymouth Rock hens: 

January 214 

February 144 

March 283 

April 280 

May 240 

June 211 one hen killed. 

July 197 

August 187 

September 130 

October 75 | , . . 

xt u 4 r hens molting. 

November 4 J & 

December 37 

Total 2,002 

Total cost of feed for the year, $17.90. 

Four of the hens raised thirty-nine chickens. The 
cost of the chickens' feed is included in the above 
amount. 

One of the pullets began to lay when five months 
and three days old. 

The brown leghorns are regarded by many as one of 
the best breeds for eggs. They are non-setters, and 
good foragers and long lived. A good, well-bred hen 
will lay from 200 to 240 eggs per year. For cold 
climates the rose-combed should be selected. Ever)* hen 
should net to the owner from $1.00 to $2.00 per annum. — 
Exchange. 



10 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

Boys and Girls who are now attending school, 
should bear in mind that if they expect to graduate with 
honor and distinction, they must refrain from the use of 
tea, coffee., tobacco, and all alcoholic stimulants. Dur- 
ing the last sixty years no student of Yale or Harvard, 
or other Eastern college, has ever graduated at the head 
of their class who has indulged in these things. — Juve- 
nile Instructor, 1894. 

Bad Breath. — Remedy for bad breath: Take after 
each meal one teaspoonful of the following mixture: 
Chloride of soda, 1 oz. ; liquor of potassa, 1 oz ; phos- 
pate of soda, \y£ oz. ; water, 3 oz. — Edison's Encyclopaedia. 

Blood. — To purify the blood — A well-known physician 
says that he considers the following prescription as the 
best he has ever used: Yellow dock, 1 oz. ; horse rad- 
dish, ]/ 2 oz ; hard cider, 1 quart. Dose, a wineglass 
full four times a day. — National and Eamilv Cyclopaedia. 

Blood Purifying Roots. — Liquorice root, sasafras 
root, sarsaparella root, native mountain grape root, 
native Indian root, native yellow burdock root. The 
leaves from the "Yellow burdock are long and narrow, 
and of a beautiful dark-green color." In the spring of 
the year they may be gathered and used for greens, as 
a substitute for spinage. Dr. Benedict says "Were the 
leaves of the yellow burdock more widely known, and 
more generally used as an article of food for greens, 
there would not be so many calls for drugs." — Editor. 

Burns and Scalds. — Fresh lime size of an egg, 
boiling water, one quart. Mix. Settle for some hours, 
skim and^drain off the clear lime water, and add an equal 
quantity of raw linseed, or olive oil. Bottle and shake. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 11 

Should be labeled and kept on hand for use. Apply on 
strips of soft linen or muslin, and laid over the parts 
burned and covered with oiled silk or cotton or wool bat- 
ten. One of the best and most soothing of all applica- 
tions. — New York Medical Record, Nov., 1894. 

Burns. — Carbon Oil for Burns and Scalds. — Mix 
equal parts of raw linseed oil and lime water. Shake 
together thoroughly and apply constantly on a linen 
cloth. — Exchange. 

Bunions. — To cure: Paint them night and morning 
with tincture of iodine. — Fray's Golden Receipes. 

Blackberry Brandy. — United States Sanitary re- 
ceipt for making blackberry brandy: Ten quarts of 
blackberries make one gallon of juice. To one gallon 
of juice add four pounds white sugar. Boil for a few 
minutes and skim it. Add one oz. ground cloves, one 
oz. ground cinnamon, one-half oz. ground alspice, and 
eight grated nutmegs. Boil again for a short time. 
When cool add 1 quart of best whiskey or brandy. 
Bottle and cork close. It is fit for immediate use. — 
U. S. Dispensatory. 

BrightS Disease. — One half ounce sweet spirits of 
nitre, one half-ounce spirits of turpentine, one half-ounce 
oil juniper, one half-ounce alcohol. Mix. Dose, ten to 
twelve drops on lump sugar. — HalVs Journal of Health. 

Blacking". — Water-proof varnish-blacking, for leather, 
carriage tops, harness, boots and shoes, etc. Formula: 
Olive oil, eight ounces; ivory black, one ounce; one 
ounce bees wax. Dissolve in four ounces of turpentine. 
Mix all together. Bottle and cork, and apply when 
required. — Scientific American Cyclopaedia. 



12 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

Bloating" In COWS. — Preventative: No. 1. — Before 
turning them out to pasture, place upon them an old 
bridle. The bit in the mouth causes them to eat more 
slowly, averting the danger of bloating. — America?! Agri- 
culturist. 

Bloating" In Cattle. — No. 2. Give one pound Epsom 
salts, with four ounces cream of tartar, repeating the 
dose if found necessary. — ScammeV s Cyclopaedia. 

No. 3. — The volatile spirit of ammonia gives instan- 
taneous relief, its action being chemical in decomposing 
the gas generated in the animal's stomach by fermentation. 
Dose for cow or ox, one tablespoonful. For a sheep, 
one teaspoonful diluted in a little water. If not effec- 
tual, repeat the dose. Keep a small bottle of the above 
on hand ready in case of emergency. Keep securely 
corked and labeled. — J. C, Sandy City. 

No. 4. — One half-ounce chloride of lime to one half- 
pint of gin or water. Bottle and shake. If found 
necessary repeat the dose in one hour. — H. J. Faust. 

Bluing". — Formula: No. 1. — Take one ounce soluble 
Chinese or Prussian blue, powdered and put into a bottle 
with one quart of clear rain water, acidulated by one- 
fourth ounce oxalic acid. The acid dissolves the blue and 
holds it evenly in the water, so that specking will never 
take place. A very small portion suffices for a large 
amount of clothes. Easy to make and economical. — 
Scientific American Cyclopaedia. 

No 2. — Take a few lumps of raw indigo, tie tightly in 
a little bag and allow to soak for a short time in cold 
water. It is the best and cheapest. — British and Colonial 

Druggist '. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 13 

Bluing for Laundry Use. — No. 3. Dissolve indigo 
sulphate in cold water and filter through muslin. — Scientific 
American Cyclopaedia. 

Bug's. — A strong decoction of red pepper applied to 

bedsteads will either kill the bugs or drive them awa)'. 

Scientific American Cyclopaedia. 

Cologne Water.— Take a pint of alcohol and put 
in thirty drops of oil of lemon, thirty of bergamont, and 
one half-gill of water. If musk of lavender is desired, 
add the same quantity of each. The oils should be put 
in the alcohol and shaken well before the water is added. 
Bottle it for use. — U. S. Dispensatory. 

Coffee. — Substitute for coffee: No 1. — Rye or wheat 
roasted along with a few almonds; a very smallquantity 
of Cassia buds improves it. A good substitute. 

Beet Root Coffee. — No. 2. From the yellowbeet 
root, sliced, and dried in an oven and ground with a 
little foreign coffee. Good substitute. — Scientific Ameri- 
can Cyclopaedia. 

No. 3. — Take three-fourths pound of rye, barley, or 
wheat, and one-tourth, pound of best coffee, mix and 
brown; grind when wanted. More healthy and better 
than all coffee. — Dr. Chase's Receipt Book. 

No. 4. — Dandelion root, dug when in flower, 
chopped up and browned in the oven, and ground 
coarsely. Makes a most excellent substitute for coffee. — 
Local Item. 

Cream. — Substitute for cream: Beat two or three 
eggs in a basin to a stiff froth; then pour over them, 
gradually, to prevent curdling, boiling hot tea, until the 
thickness of cream. It is difficult, from the taste, to 



14 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

distinguish the composition from rich cream. — Scientific 
American Cyclopaedia, 1893. McKenzie' 's Ten Thousand 
Recipes. 

CPOSS Child. — For a cross child, give it one tea- 
spoonful of dill water and one of lime water, in a little 
milk, which quickly soothes it; or, half-an-ounce of 
ground ginger, half an ounce of magnesia and a quarter 
of an ounce of Turkey rhubarb, mixed in cold water. 
Give one teaspoonful as required. — Fray's Golden Recipes. 

Children. -Healthy children: To have rosy healthy 
children, give them plenty of apples and scalded milk, 
and but few sweetmeats. Worth the highest recommen- 
dation. — Prof. E. Tray, London. 

Croup.- -To which children are very subject is dan- 
gerous. One of the best and simplest remedies is to 
beat up the white of an egg and sweeten with sugar. In 
very severe cases a little powdered alum may be added, 
or a little lemon juice. Simple, and effective and not 
generally known. — Hall's Journal of Health. 

Coughs and Colds. — Most useful: Severe colds are 
cured by drinking freely of herb yarrow tea, sweetened 
with molasses, on going to bed. Tickling coughs are 
quickly cured with one ounce of honey and one tea 
spoonful of paregoric, mixed with the juice of a lemon, 
and taken going to bed. — E. Tray. 

Colds. — A simple but effectual way of breaking up 
a cold: Five grains of nitre (saltpeter) taken in a 
glass of water, the body being wrapped in extra cloth- 
ing, will excite a gentle perspiration for the entire 
night, and this treatment will break up a cold, if em- 
ployed at its first onset. — TecJuio Chemical Receipt Book. 



. HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 15 

"If well, avoid prespiring; if sick, seek to perspire." 
— Italian Proverb. 

How to Cure a Cold. — Before retiring soak the 
feet in mustard water, as hot as can be endured. The 
feet should first be plunged in a pail of luke-warm 
water, adding by degrees very hot water until the desired 
heat is attained, protecting the body and knees with 
blankets, so as to direct the vapor from the water to 
induce a good sweat. Next, to two tablespoonfuls boil- 
ing water add one tablespoonful sugai and fourteen 
drops of strong spirits of camphor. Drink the whole 
and cuddle in bed under plenty of bedclothes and 
sleep it oft. — Moor's 1,000,000 Receipts. 

Dr. G. Johnson, Professor of Medicine in King's 
College, London, gives the following simple cure for a 
cold, headache, pain in the limbs, etc.: Simply open 
the pores by exciting the action of the skin, by wrap- 
ping the undressed patient in a sheet wrung out of 
warm water, then over this folding two or three 
blankets. The patient may remain thus packed for an 
hour or two, until free perspiration has been excited. 

Cold in the Head. — Dr. Pollion, of Fance, recom- 
mends the inhaling of hartshorn for curing colds in the 
head. Inhale by the nose seven or eight times in five 
minutes. Spirits of camphor may be used in the same 
manner, with beneficial results. — Dick's Encyclopaedia. 

Cough Syrup. — Very valuable: Paregoric, 1^ oz. ; 
tincture of capsicum, 1 dr. ; tincture of tolu, 3 ozs. 
Dose, a teaspoonful every three hours in a little water. 
— Dr. Chase. 

Union, December, 8, 1894. 

Chills and Fever.— Mrs. Phelinda Cole, a highly 



16 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. . 

esteemed lady, of the above place, formerly of Otsego, 
Michigan, suffered every other day for some eighteen 
months with chills and fever, from which she could get 
no relief. Finally one day late in October, ot 1849,. 
while returning home in company with her husband 
from a visit to her mother, she shook with the disease 
like an aspen leaf, being almost famished with thirst, 
and her tongue swollen. When on rising the brow of 
a hill in a point of woods, she spied a wild vine grow- 
ing, and clinging to a young sapling, which contained 
numerous clusters of small frostbitten berries some of 
which she begged her husband to secure, which she 
ate with avidity, and to her great joy and relief her 
chills and fever left her, and has never since returned. 

Ever since the above remarkable cure, furnished by 
Divine Providence, Mrs. Cole has recommended the same 
to very many who have been afflicted, and has never 
heard of a single failuie in effecting a cure. Her hus- 
band, William B. Cole, Esq., verifies the above state- 
ments. 

A cure so simple and valuable should be more uni- 
versally known. See Fever. — Editor. 

Chilblains. — If not broken, rub them often with 
flour of mustard and brandy; if broken, wash them 
with tincture of myrrh and a little water. — Edwi?i Fray, 
London, England. 

CancePS. — A recipe worth a fortune: Cancer or 
cancerous sores and cutaneous affections, if taken in 
time, nine times out of ten may be cuied by the use of 
red clover tops, to be used in the manner of tea. To be 
drank freey during the day, and wet a cloth in the tea; 
this apply to the cancerous sore. — Edwin Eray's Golden 
Recipes. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 17 

Constipation and Bilious Attacks may be cured 

by drinking a teacupful . of hot water, boiled, before 
breakfast and just before retiring. Hot lemonade is 
invaluable. Stewed prunes are ajso invaluable to those 
of costive habits, which act as a gentle medicine. 
Followed up for a few months, it works wonders with 
the most delicate constitutions. — Fray's Golden Recipes. 

Canker Cure.— Equal parts of borax, saltpeter and 
loaf sugar, rubbed well together. Put a small pinch of 
this powder into the child's mouth three times a day. — 
The Home Guide. 

Canker. — Garden sage, three handfulls, raspberry 
leaves, one handful; golden seal powder, ten cents 
worth; chlorate of potash, ten cents worth; rhubarb, ten 
cents worth; sulphur, five cents worth; alum (burnt), 
five cents worth; borax, five cents worth; babery pow- 
der, ten cents worth; pinch of salt and cayanne; one 
grated nutmeg; one pound of honey. Boil leaves in 
three quarts of water fifteen minutes; strain, and add 
other ingredients, and boil again for a few moments. 
Bottle tightly for use. Dose, one spoonful on an empty 
stomach twice a day. — Mrs. Mary A. Shaw, Union. 

Cider Keeper. — For keeping cider and other fruit 
juices, salicylic acid has been proven to be the best. It 
may be put up in packages of three-quarters of an ounce 
each, which is sufficient to keep a barrel (forty-five gal- 
lons) of cider. It is to be added when the cider is "just 
right," and should be mixed with a gallon of cider be- 
fore adding to the remainder, and then thoroughly mixed 
with the whole. For keeping wine, etc., it should not 

be added until after fermentation has ceased. Fenner's 

Druggists' Formula. 



18 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

Cement. — Liquid Chinese Cement. — Formula: Take 
of finest pale orange shelac (broken small), 4 parts; or 
4 oz., best alcohol 3 parts, or three oz., and digest them 
together in a corked -bottle, in a warm place, until 
disolved; shake well. It should have about the consis- 
tency of molasses. 

The above formula, known as Chinese cement, pro- 
duces a cement for porcelain, glass, fancy work, jewelry, 
crockery, furniture, wood, etc., so strong that wood or 
crockery can be joined so firmly that they will break 
anywhere else rather than where cemented. In mending 
crockery, the" less cement used the better; for wood use 
more freely. Press articles to be mended firmly together 
with the hands for a few seconds, and if necessary bind 
with twine, and give from one to two days to harden. 
Should cement thicken, add a few drops of alcohol, and 
shake. Keep well corked. Apply with soft wood splin- 
ter or camel hair pencil. — Edison Cyclopcedia. 

Sold by agents at the rate of $4.00 per pound; cost 
when made at home, from 75 cents to $1.00 only. 

Cement-leather. — Guttapercha, 1 lb.; caoutchouc, 
4 oz. ; pitch, 2 oz. ; shellac, 1 oz. ; linseed oil, 2 oz. 
Melted together. Must be melted before being applied. 
Used for uniting leather or rubber. — Eraser and Chalmers. 

Cash Crops. — The following note is from a farmer 
in Michigan. He lives in a regular farm neighborhood 
where the ordinary farm crops are mostly grown. Want- 
ing some more profitable crops than hay, grain, or pota- 
toes, this man set out strawberries and small fruits. 
Here is what he says: 

"I find this business the most profitable of anything 
I ever tried. I was afraid I could not sell half my crop 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 19 

this year on account of the hard times; but my neigh- 
bors flock around and take most of them right here, and 
pay the spot cash and no growling — which they would 
not do or grain, hay stock, dairy product, for any other 
farm products except fine fruits. 

"There is the situation in a nutshell as you would 
find it in many a farm neighborhood. It is certainly an 
advantage to raise cash crops, and it will be difficult to 
find one that will 'take' better than fine fruit — even in a 
farming district. 

"One of my neighbors declares that he finds more 
pleasure and profit from his three acres of small fruits 
than he does from the balance of his forty-acre farm." 

Chimneys.— Cure for Sooty: Plaster the inside 
with salt mortar. The proportions used are one peck 
salt, added while tempering, to three pecks mortar. 
Chimneys thus treated have remained perfectly clean for 
fifteen years. — Treasure House of Useful Knowledge. 

Condition Powders. —As a rule horses and other 
animals that are well cared for, need no medicine of any 
kind to preserve them in good health; but in case of 
bad health, or in spring and fall, you may give for eight 
or ten days the following tonic and blood purifying 
powders: Ground ginger, two oz., gentian, two oz., sassa- 
fras, two oz., saltpeter, two oz. , rosin, two oz., gum myrth 
two oz., golden seal two oz. , salt, one oz., sulphur, six 
oz. Mix thoroughly and keep in well-stoppered bottles. 
Dose, one tablespoonful in bran mash twice daily. 
Especially valuable in all chronic diseases, as mange, 
distemper, poll evil, yellow water, etc. It will show its 
beneficial effects very quickly. Flaxseed or oil cake will 
give a sleek coat to horses. Keep in manger a good 



20 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 



sized lump of asafoetida to ward off disease. Bran 
mash is an excellent, mild and safe laxative. — Horse Jockey. 

Dover's Powder. — Ipecacuanha, in powder, 1 
drachm, powdered opium, 1 drschm, sulphate of potassa, 
one oz. , or instead of the sulphate of potassa, use one 
oz. powdered saltpeter. All well mixed. Dose, from 
eight to twenty grains. Used to break up all kinds of 
fever. — U. S. PJiarmacopoeia. 

Distance for Planting". — No. 1. The distance apart 
for planting fruit trees is, in some other States, recom- 
mended as follows: 

Apples 25 to 30 feet, each way. 

Pears 20 " 25 " 



Plums 20 

Prunes 20 

Peaches 20 

Cherries 20 

Apricots 20 

Nectarines . . .20 

Quinces 8 

Grapes 8 

Currants 4 

Gooseberries . . 5 
Raspberries . . 4 
Blackberries . . 4 

each way. 
Strawberries 

way. 



" 24 
" 24 

" 24 
" 25 
" 24 
" 24 
" 12 
" 12 
" 5 
by 6 
" 6 
" 7 



to 6 by 8 feet 
2 by 3 or 4 feet each 



Number of Trees or Plants per acre. — No. 2. To 
find the number of plants required to set an acre, multi- 
ply together the two distances, in feet, at which the 
trees stand apart, and divide 43,560 by the product. 
The quotient will be the number of plants required for 
the square form of planting. Add one-seventh of the 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 21 

quotients to itself and the sum will be the number of 
plants required for the circular form. — Thos. E. Vissing, 
Assistant Secretary Utah's State Board of Horticulture. 

Derangement of the Bowels.— White of an egg 

stirred into a tumbler of hot water. — Dr. Kellog. 

Diarrhea. — No 1. The following excellent remarks 
on this disease are extracted from Dr. Hall's Journal of 
Health: Cholera is nothing more than exaggerated 
diarrhea. The most important item in the arrest ^and 
cure of looseness of the bowels is absolute quietude on 
a bed. The next thing is, to eat nothing but rice, 
parched like coffee, and then boiled, and taken with a 
little salt and butter. Drink little or no liquid of any 
kind. Bits of ice may be eaten and swallowed at will. 
Flannel bandages are good. Gratifying results will fol- 
low these observances. 

No. 2. Remedy for Summer Complaint. — A tea 
made of the seeds of the sunflower, roasted like coffee 
berries, is an admirable remedy for all species of summer 
complaint. One half-pint of the seed is sufficient. It 
should be remembered, however, that serious lesults 
often follow the two sudden stoppage of diarrhea by 
astringents, and with this, as all remedies of a similar 
nature, caution should be used. — Dick's Encyclopcedia. 

Disintary. — Subnitrate of bismuth: A white powder. 

In use by all physicians and very popular. Dose, 
from four to ten grains, at intervals from two to four 
hours. — Dr. Price. 

Deafness, a Cure for Temporary.— If deaf from 
hardened wax in the ear, a mixture of sassafras, oil, ten 
drops, glycerine, one fluid drachm, olive oil, one-half fluid 
ounce may be dropped into the ear every day. Inject 



22 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

warm water into the ear by means of a proper syringe 
the head being placed with that side upwards during the 
operation. — Dick's Encyclopedia. 

Note. — Some years ago a New York merchant paid 
a physician $1000 for the warm water treatment. — Editor. 

Diphtheria. — Cure for Diphtheria: No 1. The Scien- 
tific American, 1894, gives this recipe which the whole 
world ought to know: At the first indication of diphtheria 
in the throat of the child make the room close; then take 
a tin cup and pour into it a quantity of tar and turpen- 
tine, equal parts. Then hold the cup over the fire so as 
to fill the room with the fumes. The patient on inhaling 
the fumes will cough and spit out the membraneous 
matter and diphtheria will pass off. The fumes of tar 
and turpentine loosen the matter in the throat, and thus 
afford the relief that has baffled the skill of physicians. — 

Remedy for DIphtheria. — No 2. A gentleman who 
has administered the following remedy for diphtheria 
says that it has always proved effectual: Take a tobacco 
pipe, place a live coal in the bowl, drop a little tar upon 
the coal, and let the patient draw smoke into the mouth 
and discharge it through the nostrils. The remedy is 
safe and simple. — Dick's Encyclopaedia. 

Diphtheria Cure. — No. 3. An eminent physician 
says: I have found sulphur an infallible cure for diph- 
theria. It can be put in water as a gargle, blown down 
the throat through a quill, or burned, the patient 
breathing the fumes. Florists tell me that sulphur kills 
a fungus growth, and we are told that is what diphtheria 
is. We have seen it work almost miracles in the stay 
of this slayer of our children. — London Lancet. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 23 



Dyspepsia.— No 1. Dyspepsia may be cured by the 
free use of oysters. — E. F. 

No 2. Persons suffering from dyspepsia should take 
only plain, nutritious food, such as fresh meat, fresh veg- 
etables, stale bread, milk, etc. Avoid pastry, fats, tea 
and coffee, fresh bread and hot dishes. Also take the fol- 
lowing: Sulphate of magnesia one ounce and a half, 
carbonate of magnesia two drachms, syrup of ginger one 
ounce, water to make six ounces. Take a tablespoonful 
night and morning.— Medical Practitioner, Family Herald, 
Dec. 4, 1894. 

Dropsy and Diseases of the Kidneys and Urinary 

Organs.— No 1. Parsley made into tea: two or three 
teacups three or four times a day is one of the very best 
remedies. - Dr. Gann. 

No 2. A decoction of the inside bark of the elm- 
slippery elm— drank freely, takes away water in dropsy.— 
Fray's Golden Recipes. 

Note.— It is claimed by some people that the small, 
native red bull, or squaw berry, when made into tea and 
drank freely, will cure the dropsy. Try it.— Editor. 

Disinfectant.— Tar makes a good disinfectant, but 
the most powerful disinfectant to clear a house from 
sickness is fresh ground coffee, whicn even overpowers 
musk. Nothing, however, is superior to the sunshine 
of heaven.— Fray's Golden Recipes. 

Dehorning'.— The authorities of the Cornell Agricul- 
tural Experimental Station have practiced "Dehorning 
of their cows for some six or seven years, and at present 
there is no animal having horns on the farm." It is 
claimed that "dehorned cattle fat more readily. De- 



24 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

horning quiets the animals and makes them more docile 
and easier to handle, and that the cows invariably give 
more milk." 

Extract Jamaica Ginger.— Formula: Best un- 
bleached Jamaica ginger, crushed, three ounces; freshly 
grated lemon peel of one lemon; best proof alcohol, one 
pint; powdered mace, one-fourth ounce; one teaspoon- 
ful of sugar; oil of lemon, two or three drops; digest 
in a closely stoppered bottle for ten days. Filter. — 
Druggists' Formula, Scanner s Work. 

Extract Of Lemon. — Formula: Oil of lemon, six 
parts, or one ounce; lemon peel, freshly grated, three 
parts, or one-half ounce; best alcohol, one hundred 
parts, or one pint. Place all in a closely stoppered 
bottle and macerate for twenty four hours or more, filter 
through paper or muslin if thought desirable. — U. S. 
Dispensatory, late edition. 

Extract Of Vanilla. — Formula: Cut up fine, vinilla 
beans, one ounce; grind in mortar with two ounces of 
loaf sugar; mix eight ounces of rose water, and twenty- 
four ounces of alcohol. Add a portion of the vanilla 
and sugar, and shake. Add again diluted alcohol, a 
part of the twenty-four ounces. Bottle. — Scie?itific Ameri- 
can Cyclopaedia. 

Extract of Raspberry.— Formula: Put one pound 
of fresh berries, mashed with a wooden spoon, into a 
bowl with one-fourth pound of loaf sugar; bottle and 
add one pint diluted alcohol. Raspberries make the 
best extracts. For home use do not filter. — Moor's One 
Million Facts. 

Perfume Of Rose. — formula: Dissolve one-half 
fluid drachm of otto of rose in a pint of cologne spirits, 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 



25 



macerate one-half ounce of red rose leaves in the 
solution until the extract is of the desired depth of 
color, filter and bottle tightly. — V. S. Dispensatory. 

Eg>g»s.— How to Boil for Health: Put the eggs 
into a dish with a cover, and then pour upon 
them boiling water, two quarts to a dozen eggs, in a 
covered tin pail, and set them away from the stove for 
fifteen minutes. The heat of the water cooks the eggs 
slowly and evenly Cooked this way they taste better 
and richer, and are more wholesome. — Dr. Chase. 

No. 1. To Tell Good Eggs: Put them in water. 
If the large end turns up they are not fresh. Infalli- 
ble rule. — American Agriculturist. 

No. 2. To Distinguish Good Eggs: To ascertain 
whether an egg is good or bad, hold it up to the light. 
A good egg is translucent, but a bad one is perfectly 
opaque. The difference is as easily perceived as that 
between a blue egg and a white one. — Dick' 's Encyclopedia. 
Substitute for Eggs: In winter, snow can be 
used as an excellent substitute for eggs in puddings, 
pancakes, etc. Two large spoonfuls will supply the 
place of one egg, and the article it is used in will be 
equally good. It should be fresh fallen snow, or under 
layers if old. The exposed surface loses its ammonia 
by evaporation very soon after it has fallen, and it is 
the ammonia contained so largely in snow which imparts 
to it the rising power. — Guide for the Million. 

Save Your Eggs: In winter when eggs are scarce 
and dear by mixing in with those you are beat- 
ing a little fresh snow, one-third the eggs otherwise 
required in cooking may be saved. "A penny saved, a 
penny earned. " — Exchange. 



26 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

Eggs. — To Preserve: Eggs when newly laid are 
almost perfectly full, but the shell is porus, and the 
watery portion of its contents begins to evaporate 
through its pores the moment it is exposed to the air, 
so that the egg becomes lighter every day. To preserve 
the interior of the egg in. its natural state, it is neces- 
sary to seal up the pores of the shell air-tight. This 
may be done by dipping them in melted suet or olive 
oil. They are then packed in bran, oats, meal, or pow- 
dered charcoal. — Dick's Encyclopedia. 

No. 2. The following method of preserving eggs, 
recommended by Messrs. Munn & Co., of S. A. C, may 
be used: New laid eggs can be kept unaltered for 
months by being placed for one-half hour in a cold solu- 
tion of salicylic acid, eight teaspoonfuls of acid to one 
gallon of water, then allowed to dry in the air, and 
as usual stored in a dry, cool place. 

Eyes. — Rose-leaves, made into decoction, are good 
used as a bath for sore eyes.— E. F. 

Eye Water. — A golden remedy; said to have cost 
originally $500. Formula: One teaspoonful common 
Japan tea steeped in one ounce of water, strain and add 
one teaspoonful common glycerine; and one teaspoonful 
of rosewater, made from the leaves of fresh roses. — 
Welch Physician. 

Erysipelas: — No. 1. Erysipelas is a well known 
deathly complaint; regarded by some physicians as con- 
tagious, which may be cured by two sprigs of worm- 
wood, a quarter of an ounce of senna, and a quarter 
ot an ounce of camomile flowers to a pint of boiling: 
water, and drink freely. Tried with speedy relief. — 
Fray 's Golden Receipis. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 27 

No. 2. A Mrs. Church, of Shady Grove, Term., 
recommends very highly, anointing the parts with olive 
oil, and the application of a good, thick pad of bread 
dough. Simple and effective. Repeat if necessary. 

No. 3. One tablespoonful buckwheat flour to one 
pint sour buttermilk. Mix cold. Wet cloths in solution, 
ring out, and apply to parts affected every hour, using 
extra cloths to bandage. — Mrs. Isabella Workman, City. 

Earache. — No. 1. M. Emile Duval says that he has, 
in person, found relief in severe earache, after other 
things had been tried in vain, from the use of a mixture 
of equal parts of chloroform and laudanum; a little being 
introduced on a piece of cotton. The first effect pro- 
duced is a sensation of cold; then numbness, scarcely 
any pain and refreshing sleep. 

No. 2. Take a small piece of cotton batting, make 
a depression in the center with the finger, and fill with 
a small amount of ground pepper; gather it into a ball 
and tie it up; dip the ball into sweet oil, and insert it 
in the ear, covering the latter with cotton or wool, 
using a bandage to retain it in place. Almost instant 
relief will be experienced. One part laudanum and six 
parts sweet oil dropped in the ear is also very effectual. 
— Dick's Enc. 

Elixir of Life. — The sunbath is one of the cures of 
nature which is greatly neglected by those who especi- 
ally need it. The ancients recognized the value of the 
sun's rays as a health restorer, and we find accounts 
in their literature of how they would stay out in the 
open sun all day to cure rheumatic tendencies, weakness 
and nerve troubles. Later the philosophers of the 



28 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

middle ages recommended the sunbath as the greatest 
elixir that could be administered. When systematic sun 
baths are given to rheumatic patients affected cures have 
been known. — Zion's Home Monthly. 

Emetic. — Simple Emetic: Half a glass of warm 
water, one heaping teaspoonful of salt, and another of 
mustard. The materials are usually to be had at a 
moment's notice, and form a very efficient emetic. — Dick's 
Encyclopedia. 

Engraving* Fluid. — Formula: The following is an 
easy and effective means of engraving names on steel 
knives, tools, etc: Protect the steel with a thin layer 
of wax, tallow or soap, by warming the tool and apply- 
ing the wax, tallow or soap. Allow it to cool and when the 
wax is hard, write the name on it with a pointed instru- 
ment, so that each stroke penetrates to the steel, then 
pour some nitric acid over the wax surface, let it stand 
for a short time, and after washing off the acid with 
water, heat the tool till the wax melts and wipe it dry. 
The name will appear engraved distinctly on the steel, 
the depth of the letters depending on the length of time 
the acid has been allowed to remain in contact with it. 
— Canadian Family Hearld and Star, Nov. I, 1893. 

Farm. — Interesting the children in the farm: Teach 
the children when young to be careful of their own, 
and of the rights and property of others, by giving each 
one a place to keep his own small belongings and keep- 
sakes, which though they may seem small to the older 
ones, are dear to the hearts of the little possessors. I 
have in mind a mother who, when her children were 
quite young, gave each one a drawer in a large bureau 
in which to keep his things. They were shown how to 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 29 

keep them in order, and were expected to keep them so. 
They were also taught to respect each other's rights, 
and not to help themselves to anything, no matter how 
small, belonging to another without first asking permis- 
sion of the owner. If all children were taught at an 
early age to respect the rights of others in every way, 
the habit of carefulness and thoughtfulness for the rights 
and liberty of others would become a fixed one. 

Let the children have something of their own, 
worthy of the care and attention bestowed upon it. 
Almost all children like to plant and care for flowers. 
Stake off a little spot of "ground for each one to work 
and plant for his own. Do not use some spot of ground 
that no one else cares for, or some shaded spot where 
nothing will grow. Be sure that the soil is good, so 
that in due time their labors will be rewarded and they 
will not be discouraged from trying again. All healthy 
children are full of life and energy, and are always busy, 
either at work or at play. If this energy only be 
turned in the right direction, there may be much accom- 
plished, even by children. Give them a few small 
fruit trees or ornamental shrubs, and show them how to 
plant them, and see how carefully they will be watched 
and cared for. When the children have grown older, 
and their trees become fruitful, let them gather the 
fruits of their labors, and have the proceeds of the 
sales. Some nut trees or choice grape vines may be 
given them, or some rosebushes or shrubs; whatever 
it is, let it be of the best. Let them work at their 
own sweet will, knowing that only by their own work 
and care is the prize in view gained. 

In this way they are given more interest in the farm, 
feeling that they are laborers together with their parents 



30 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

and not merely helpers. In after years, when the little 
hands that have planted and tended with so much care 
are, perhaps, gathering fairer flowers and richer fruits in 
a fairer land, or it may be, have left the old home nest 
for homes of their own, we shall realize that he who 
plants a tree not only benefits mankind, but, in so doing, 
erects a monument to himself. — F. A. H., Farmers' 
Advocate. 

Elderberry Wine. — No. 1. Take of fresh Elder- 
berries 1 quart, soft water 4 quarts, raisins 3 lbs., red 
tartar in fine powder, one-quarter of an ounce, mix 
ginger in powder, one-quarter of an ounce, cinnamon, 
cloves and mace, of each one-eighth of an ounce, 
one-fourth of an orange or a lemon peel and juice. 
Then add one-half pint brandy. This will make over 
one gallon. — McKenzie's Ten Thousand Recipes. , 

No. 2. Remove the stems from twenty-five pounds 
of elderberries; crush and boil them; then add twelve- 
and-a-half pounds of sugar, one-half pound of cream of 
tartar, and nine gallons of water, and let the mixture 
ferment. By adding a little ginger, cloves, raisins and 
yeast, it will yield at the termination of the fermentation 
wine similar to Cypress wine. Used for disentary and 
for medical purposes. — 7ech?io Chemical Receipt Book. 

Food. — In Spain and Portugal onions are used 
as staple articles of died. Prof. Johnson states 
that the onion contains from 25 to 30 per cent, of 
gluten. It ranks, as an article of food, with the nutri- 
tious pea. Onions possess valuable medicinal proper- 
ties, and the moderate use of the bulbs, either cooked 
or raw, is generally soothing and beneficial. — Domestic 
Science, by J. E. Talmage. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 



31 



Percentage of Nutrition in Various Articles of 
Food: 



Beer or porter, from 


1 to 2 


Roast poultry 


26 


Raw cucumbers 


2 


Raw beef 


26 


Raw melons 


3 


Raw grapes 


27 


Cabbage 


7 


Raw plums 


29 


Boiled turnips 


9 


Broiled mutton 


30 


Currants 


10 


Fat pork 


51 


Milk, fresh 


13 


Cheese 


70 


Buttermilk 


13 


Oat meal porridge 


75 


Carrots 


14 


Rye bread 


79 


Beets 


14 


Oat meal 


85 


Apples 


16 


Dried bacon 


85 


Parsnips 


19 


Boiled beans 


87 


Peaches 


20 


Buckweat 


87 


Boiled codfish 


21 


Boiled rice 


88 


Whipped eggs 


22 


Barley bread 


88 


Boiled venison 


22 


Wheat bread 


90 


Salmon 


23 


Baked corn bread 


91 


Potatoes 


23 


Boiled barley 


92 


Fried veal 


24 


Butter 


92 


Roast pork 


24 


Boiled peas 


93 


Eggs, boiled 


25 


Raw oils 


95 






Sugar 


96 


— Edison's Encyd 


lopaedia. 


M. S. Ayer 6° Le at herb 


)'. 



Oats are in some parts of the world more exten- 
sively used as food for men than in this country. In 
nutritive value, that is as a flesh producer, oat flour 
excels all other preparations of the kind. Oats are 
rich in oily matter. Meal from oats is used mostly in 
porridge or gruel, though oat cakes are esteemed by those 
who have learned to know their merits. —Domestic Science, 
by J. E. lalmage. 

One pound of oatmeal gives a man as much strength 
as three pounds of lean beef. — Prof. Eray, London, Eng. 



32 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

Invalid's Food: Slippery elm is invaluable food 
for invailds or delicate persons, and for infants and 
children. As one physician truly said, it is worth its 
weight in gold. Simply mix one teaspoonful of elm 
flour with one teaspoonful of sugar, add a little milk to 
make it into a smooth paste; then add hot water, stir- 
ring it quickly, till it becomes a proper consistency. — 
E. F. 

Potatoes: From the standpoint of economy and 
wholesomeness, the best methods of cooking pota- 
toes are roasting and steaming; by either processs the 
contained juices are raised to the cooking temperature, 
and are absorbed by the swelling starch particles. If 
boiled at all, the least injurious way is to cook them 
with their skins still in place, leaving the peeling for a 
subsequent operation. On the average, potatoes contain 
from 76 to 80 per cent, of water. A potato diet is at 
best a very poor one.— Domestic Science, by /. E. Talmage. 

Prof. Forister claims that in peeling the potato 
before cooking 25 per cent of the starch and nutrition 
is lost. 

Flies. — To Keep Out Flies: No. 1. A medical 
journal offers a suggestion for keeping out those nui- 
sances—flies. Expose a little oil of bay in a saucer on 
your window sill, or coat your doors and windows with 
any color of paint you like, containing as little as four 
per cent, of oil of bay, and not a single fly will enter 
your house. — Our Dumb Animals, Boston, Sept. 1894. 

No 2. Flies disappear by placing a plate in the 
rooms with a mixture of cream, pepper and sugar on it. — 
British and Colonial Druggist. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 33 

Fruit and Egg Preserving Powders.— Fruits 

jams, jellies, juices, pickles, etc., put up in the usual 
way, (with much less sugar) but with the addition of 
one drachm (or one teaspoonful) of salicylic acid to four 
pounds, will keep sound and sweet, with absolute cer- 
tainty for an indefinite time, fermentation and spoiling 
being thus averted. Dust also a very little of the dry 
acid underneath the covers, just before sealing. New 
laid eggs can be kept unaltered for a long time by being 
placed for one-half hour in a cold solution, eight tea- 
spoonfuls of acid to one gallon of water, then allowed 
to dry in the air. — Scientific American Cyclopaedia. 

Fruit. -A New, Economical, Labor-saving way of 
Putting up Fruit. " A Pronounced Success:" No. 1. 
To every eight pounds of good, sound, ripe fruit, placed 
gently in peserving kettle, add one pint of boiling water, 
cook for ten or fifteen minutes, or until tender, avoid 
stirring, but skim if necessary. Now measure out from 
one to two quarts of sugar, gaging the amount in keep- 
ing with the sub-acid in the fruit; place same in shallow 
pan, and heat in the oven, not too hot, until the sugar 
browns and melts a little. When the fruit is done pour 
the sugar into it, and let it cook for a few seconds only, in 
order to allow fruit and sugar to assimilate; then while 
still boiling hot put into hot bottles taken from hot 
water, and at once securely seal and put in a cool place- 
In this method the fruit will retain its form and its 
juices, the color will be as delicate as the flavor will be 
rich and fruity. The fruit does not shrink and cook 
away as in the old-fashioned way. 

If half preserves is desired, increase the amount of 
sugar. The fruit will not burn or stick on the kettle, 

8 



34 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

and best of all, one-half hour is all the time required 
for the whole job. 

In making jellies, boil the juice from twenty to 
thirty minutes, add the heated sugar from the oven, 
bottle and seal. --Mrs. Francis M. Richards, Deseret 
News. 

Note. By dusting a very little dry salicylic acid 
underneath the fruit jar covers, just before sealing, will 
aid materially in keeping the fruit from spoiling. Sold 
by runners at $1 per oz. ; cost at druggists 10c only. — 
Scientific American Cyclopaedia. 

Fruits possess qualities and virtues not known 
to chemistry. Their juices need no filtering or 
boiling, and never convey the germ of disease. They 
pass through the tissues of the body very easily, leaving 
their salts of potash, soda, etc., taking up the debris of 
the body and carrying it off. Their acids are refresh- 
ing, their salts stimulating, and their flavors are a boon 
to the nervous system. 

There is scarcely a disease to which the human 
family is heir but that the suffering therefrom would be 
greatly relieved, or entirely prevented, by the free use 
of fruits, which are now so generally forbidden. In the 
treatment ot scarlet fever and diphtheria our summer 
fruits are very useful. There is hardly a disease that 
is accompanied with fever but that grapes and bananas 
may be freely given to the patient. In the treatment 
of dystentery, ripe fruits, especially peaches, should be 
preferred to any medicine. — Hints on Diet Refor?n. M. 
S. Aycr, Boston, Mass. 

To Make Sour Fruit Sweet Without Sugar: 
To two pounds of fruit when cooking, add one tea- 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 35 

tpoonful of soda. It is much cheaper than sugar. — Mrs. 
A. F. T. Va. In Modern Cook Book. 

Flaxseed Tea, — Flaxseed, one ounce; crushed 
licorice root, one-half ounce; lemon juice, four table- 
spoonfuls. Pour over the above one quart boiling water 
and simmer for one hour. Strain and bottle. — Exchange. 

French Honey. — Formula: White sugar, one pound; 
six eggs, leaving out the whites of two; the juice of 
three or four lemons, and the grated rind of two; one- 
fourth pound of butter. Stir over a slow fire until it is 
of the consistency of honey. — Moor's 1,000,000 Facts. 

French Polish for Furniture.— Formula: Take 12 
oz. of alcohol, add one-half oz. sulphuric ether, one- 
half oz. of balsam fir, and one-half oz. tincture alknett, 
then add 4 oz. best gum shelac, broken fine; place bot- 
tle in warm place and shake. When the gum is dis- 
solved add 3 oz. raw linseed oil. Apply to furniture 
with a canton flannel cloth; polish with linen cloth. 
When applied with a brush it is an excellent substitute 
for paint. 

This receipt was procured from the originator, a 
French chemist, at a great cost. 

Felons. — To Cure: As soon as the part begins to 
swell, get the tincture of lobelia and wrap the affected 
part with a cloth saturated with the tincture, and the 
felon is dead. — Mine of Wealth. 

Freckles.— A New Process for Removing Freckles: 
Take finely-powdered nitre (saltpeter) and apply to the 
freckles by the finger moistened with water and dipped 
in the powder. When perfectly done and judiciously 
repeated it will remove them effectually and without 
trouble. — Mine of Wealth. 



36 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

Feet. — Care of the Feet: Man}' are careless 
in the keeping of the feet. If they wash them once 
a week they think they are doing well. They do 
not consider that the largest pores are located in the 
bottom of the foot, and that the most offensive matter is 
discharged through the pores. They wear stockings 
from the beginning to the end of the week without 
change, which become perfectly saturated with offensive 
matter. Ill health is generated by such treatment of 
the feet. The pores are both repellants and absorbents, 
and foetid matter is taken back into the system. The 
feet should be washed every day with pure water only, 
as well as the armpits, from which an offensive odor is 
also emitted, unless daily absolution is practiced. 
Stockings should not be worn more than a day or two 
at a time. 

They may be worn one day and then aired and 
sunned and then worn another day if necessary. — Ziort s 
Home Monthly, Nov., 1894. 

Feet.- To Wash: The neglect of washing the feet 
is often visited by a quarrelsome temper and other bodily 
complaints. — Edwin Fray, England. 

Cold Feet Remedy: People troubled with cold 
feet should dust a very small quantity of cayanne 
pepper in their shoes. By following this practice up 
for a few weeks, cold feet will be a thing of the past. 
The general health will also be much improved.— Mrs. 
Mary A. Shaw, Union. 

Perspiring Feet: The unpleasant odor from 
perspiring feet may be prevented by sprinkling oat 
meal in the socks, as used in the army; or sprinkled 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 37 

bran in the socks occasionally. — Fray's Golden Recipes; 
England. 

Feet— To Keep Warm: "Keep your feet warm and 
your head cool and you will receive but few doctors 
bills. " — Exchange. 

Cold feet are the precursors of many forms of 
illness. — Domestic Science, by J. E. Talmage. 

Cold Feet: Sometimes cold feet come from 
overaction of the brain. In such a case use the brain 
less and the feet more. — Prof. H. S. Burt, N. Y. 

Cold Feet Remedy: During cold weather wear 
shoes one size larger, with cork soles, during the day, 
and at night on going to bed rub the ankles and feet 
briskly for a short time with the hands; or, dip the feet 
into a pan of shallow cold water, or snow, two or three 
times quickly and rub them briskly for a few moments 
with a coarse towel, more especially in the hollow of 
the feet. Wear during the night a pair of fine light 
silk or woolen stockings. — Exchange. 

Fever and Ague Cure. — No. 1. The small frost 

grapes that grow wild in many parts of the country I 
have proven to be a specific for chills and fever. They 
should be gathered or secured soon after being touched 
by the frost. They can be kept in a small box or paper 
sack during the year, without spoiling, ready for use. 

One or two bunches should be taken and eaten 
when the fever is at its height. The above quantity 
should effect a cu.ve.—Philindia .Cole, Union, Dec. 8, 
1894. See chills and fever. — Editor. 

No. 2. Buttermilk is good, especially in fever, as 
an article of diet. A cup of fresh buttermilk two or 
three times a day is a sure cure for liver complaint. 



38 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

It is much easier to digest than new milk. — Prof. H. 
S. Burt, New York. 

No. 3. "To break up a fever, use a tea made of 
elder flour and horse mint." — Exchange. 

No. 4. To burn rosemary in the rooms clears fever 
away. Yet, if there be a spider's web in the house the 
fever, it is said, will linger in it. 

Scarlet Fever # and Scarletina: No. 5. This is one 
of the most infectious of diseases, and is very catching, 
when it has once entered a house. In the worst stage 
place a few tamarinds in boiling water, to be drank 
moderately cold, which acts as a powerful cleanser, even 
in putrid fever cas.es. The drink is delightful to per- 
sons parched under heat. — Fray's Golden Recipes. 

Flannel. — No. 1. Old and young should wear flan- 
nel next to the skin, winter and summer. — Fray's Golden 
Recipes. London. 

New Flannel: No. 2. Before making up new flan- 
nel, soak it in cold and then in hot water, and it will 
not, it is said, shrink afterwards. — Comfort, 1894. 

Filter. — A Simple Filter: A very cheap, simple 
and effective filter can be made by means of a common 
flower-pot. All that is requisite is to fill the hole with a 
piece of sponge, and then place in the pot alternate 
layers of sand, charcoal, and small pebbles. The flower- 
pot thus fitted up may be placed in. a jar or other con- 
venient vessel, into which the water as it filters through 
can be received. — Canadian Star Almanac, 1894. 

Fire Kindlers. — 1. Dip the wood in melted rosin. 
2. The following composition is sometimes used: Sixty 
parts melted rosin, and forty parts tar, b in which the 
wood is dipped for a moment. Or take a quart of tar and 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 39 

three pounds rosin; melt them, then cool down a little 
and mix as much sawdust with a little charcoal added as 
can, be worked in. Spread out on a board, and when 
cold break up into lumps the size of a hickoy nut, and 
you will have at small exspense enough kindling to last a 
family one year. 3. Use the cheapest rosin, and add 
two ounces of tallow to each pound of the rosin. Melt 
the rosin first and add the tallow. Either smear over 
small blocks of wood, or mix with sawdust and pour 
into moulds made of boards which can be knocked 
apart and the mass broken up. — Scientific American 
Cyclopedia. 

Fuel. — Relative Value of Fuels: No. 1. One 
pound of peat melts 19 pounds of ice; one pound of 
wood melts 52 pounds of ice; one pound of coal melts 
90 pounds of ice; one pound of coke melts 94 pounds of 
ice; one pound of charcoal melts 95 pounds of ice. — 
Edison 's Cyc lopcedia . 

Wood as Fuel: No. 2. Common woods may be 
ranged in the following order with respect to their 
heating values, the poorer Kinds being named first: 
White pine, poplar, soft maple, cherry, cedar, elm, 
hard maple, yellow oak, walnut, beech, apple, scrub 
oak, white ash, white oak, hickory. — Domestic Science, 
by /. E. 1 aim age. 

Salt Lake City. Feb. 11, 1895. 
No. 3. The choice of fuel for heating or cooking 
purposes from an economic point of view is but little 
understood, and the purchase is principally determined 
by the price without due regard to the actual quality 
of the coal. In the fuel market, as in that of other 
commodities, qualities and prices can be had to suit 



4<» HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

any pocket, from the anthracite, which ma}' be con- 
sidered a luxury (as the difference in cost is not justified 
by the difference in heating qualities) to the Lignite, 
which (like poor groceries) is dear at any price. 

Coal should not be judged by its price but by it 
heat-giving qualities. A cheap fuel may in fact be 
the most costly — for example, one coal on the Salt 
Lake market has a calorific power of 6383 heat units 
and sells at $5.00 per ton, while another having but 
5546 is sold at the same price. 

In the matter of cooking another feature has to be 
considered. Fuel for this purpose should have a very 
small per cent, of sulphur, and should part with its 
volatile matter readily, and at a comparatively low 
temperature. It should also have a very small percent- 
age of moisture. Those qualities combined, a very 
desirable fuel is obtained. When the volatile matter 
is easily driven off, it leaves a bright clear fire for the 
greatest length of time. The average housewife when 
using coals of this class soon has her chimney filled 
with soot. This is caused by letting her fire too low 
down before replenishing, and then putting on too 
great a quantity of coal at a time. The volatile matter 
under this method of firing is driven off in the form 
of heavy smoke, which condenses into soot, and clogs 
up the flues, stove pipe and chimney. 

The following table shows the proximate analysis 
of some of the coals on the Utah market. 

Volatile Fixed 
Locality. Moisture. Matter. Corbou. Ash. Sulphur. 

Rock Springs 7.72 40.88 50.19 1.2 

U. P. Pleasant Valley 4.50 44.14 48.68 2.25 .43 

P. V. Pleasant Valley 3.20 45.67 47.22 3.35 .56 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC 41 

Volatile Fixed 
Locality, Moisture. Matter. Carbon. Ash. Sulphur, 

Castle Gate 1.50 44.62 50.22 3.20 .46 

Diamond 2.97 43.63 51.03 2.37 .64 

Weber (Home Coal Co.) 8.38 46.89 40.45 3.33 .95 

Grass Creek 9.16 39.81 47.01 4.02 1.78 

Almy 8.70 40.35 41.15 9.70 

Morrison 6.37 41.38 46.27 5.98 .65 

Cedar City 4.50 39.90 45.47 10.12 1.79 

Cannonville (Utah) 3.70 43.30 48.90 4.10 
— Robert Forrester, U. S. Geologist. 

By the aid of the above table, and knowing the 
local prices of coal, by casting a few figures, a person 
can soon determine which is the most economical fuel 
to burn. For all practical purposes "the heat units in 
coal" (carbon, nitrogen and oxygen,) fully determines 
their relative value. — Editor. 

No. 4. Coke as Fuel for Domestic Purposes: 
The value of coke for general use in private houses is 
but little known. When once introduced, and the proper 
manner of using it is understood, this kind of fuel 
becomes almost indispensable. The best kinds of soft 
coal to be kept burning require attention and frequent 
application of the poker. A coke fire, with the addition 
of a little small coal, slack which in any other way would 
be scarcely consumable, being properly made, will burn 
for hours without further attention or trouble, and at one 
third less eost than a fire sustained by coal only. In the 
kitchen coke is also very valuable: It makes the clearest 
fire for broiling, and a capital one for roasting, with but 
little smoke or soot. In all cases the coke should be 
broken tolerably small. — Mine of Wealth, Etc. 



42 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

No. 5. Economical Fuel: Take equal parts of pul- 
verized charcoal or coal, pulverized coke and moist clay 
and form the mass into balls the size of a hen's egg. 
Some sawdust may be added to the mass. — Techno Chem- 
ical Receipt Book. German 

No. 6. Mix coal, charcoal or sawdust, one part; 
sand of any kind or ashes, two parts; marl or clay, one 
part: in quantity as thought proper. Make the mass up 
wet into balls of a convenient size, and when the fire is 
sufficently strong place these balls according to their size 
a little above the top bar, and they will produce a heat 
considerably more intense than common fuel, and insure 
a saving of one half the quantity of coals. 

A fire thus made up will require no stirring nor fresh 
fuel for ten hours. — New and Late Edition Scientific Amer- 
ican Cyclopaedia, Page 226. 

The quanity of the combustible ingredients in them, 
or in. the above, should be doubled when they are intended 
to be used with a very little foundation of coal. — Dicks 

Encyclopedia. 

A hint to housewives that should be appreciated 
is as follows: At this time of the year, when the coal 
begins to develop such extraordinory possibilities in the 
way of rapid consumption, housekeepers are eagerly on 
the lookout for something that will, at least, prevent 
waste if it cannot by any other means make a ton "go 
further." There are several preparations for this purpose 
sold under fanciful names, but the basis of them is ordi- 
nary salt. If the latter is sprinkled liberally over the 
coal, either in the bin or as it is put into the furnace, 
it will make it burn more evenly to a clean ash, and will 
also prevent clinkers and soot. — Herald, Jan. 5, 18Q5. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 43 

Gophers, etc. — The Extermination of Gophers and 
all Burrowing Animals, Crows, Sparrows, etc. — Prof. 
Shutt, Chief Chemist of the Dominion Experimental 
Farms, Canada, writing in a western paper, gives the 
following advice on this important, subject. 

From the correspondence received during the past 
season it would appear that farmers in certain districts 
of Manitoba and the North-West Territories are seriously 
troubled by Gophers destroying their feed and garden 
crops. Many of the letters are accompanied by a sample 
of strychnine to be tested for adulteration, tht failure of 
this poison being attributed to a supposed impurity. 
All the specimens, however, submitted to examination 
have been proved to be pure and there seems to be no 
ground for the widespread belief that this article, as 
generally sold in commerce, is adulterated. We have, 
therefore to look further for the apparent failure which 
farmers are accustomed to meet with. 

Since poisoning by stiychnine has been hitherto 
almost the only method practised, it will be weli to con- 
sider a few important points in the preparation of the 
poisoned grain. The quantity usually recommended is 
at the rate of one ounce of strychnine to one bushel of 
wheat. If strychnine and not the sulphate is being used, 
this amount appears to he wasteful, since eight gallons 
(the equivalent of one bushel) of hot water can only 
carry half an ounce of strychnine and it is not at all 
likely that more water than wheat is used. If a small 
quantity of acid, or strychnine sulphate is used, one 
ounce of the material may undoubtedly be employed 
with advantage. 

The strychnine or strychnine sulphate, as the case 
may be, should first be powdered. This may be accom - 



44 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

plished by a knife blade, piece of old iron or a glass bottle 
used as a roller. Then treat with a sufficency of hot 
water and when entirely dissolved, pour the solution (of 
which there should be a large enough quantity to cover 
the grain) upon the wheat. Allow the whole to stand 
for at« least thirty-six hours, or until the grain has 
become quite soft, showing the strychnine has permeated 
the substace of the wheat. In treating Indian corn with 
strychnine for crows this summer, I found that three days 
elapsed before the tissues of the grain became thoroughly 
impregnated. A teaspoonful of the poisoned wheat 
placed at the mouth of each burrow should be an ample 
quantity. 

Strychnine is an intensely bitter substance, even in 
very dilute solutions, and no doubt the gophers are often 
deterred from eating the grain by tasting the poison on 
the outside of the wheat. Numerous correspondents have 
written me to the effect that they cannot get these pests 
to touch the bait. Though I have never had any oppor- 
tunity to try its efficacy, I would suggest sugar coating 
the pills — in other words to sprinkle the poisoned and 
damp wheat with sugar. 

To recapitulate; care should be taken to see, in the 
first place, that the strychnine is all in solution; and 
secondly, that the grain has become soft, showing thor- 
ough saturation with the poisoned liquid. Of course the 
greatest care must be exercised when using strychnine, 
in order that children and farm animals may run no risk 
of poisoning. 

A method that is strongly advocated by those who 
have practiced it in the United States is one employing 
carbon bisulphide. It is held to be cheaper, more effica- 
cious, and less dangerous to use than strychnine. Carbon 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 45 

bisulphide is a highly inflamable liquid, with a very dis- 
agreeable smell. Though not corrosive, its vapor is 
detrimental to health when breathed in quantities. It, 
however, can be used without any danger, provided 
ordinary care is exercised, more especially with regard 
to fire and flame. 

The method is as follows: Saturate a small ball of 
cotton waste with the bisulphide and throw it into the 
burrow in the evening, and close the mouth of the hole with 
a little earth. Dry balls of horse manure have been used 
successfully instead of cotton. Respecting this method 
I would make two quotations. Dr. C. Hart Merriam, 
Chief of the Division of Ornithology and Mamology, 
Washington, D. C, writes me as follows: 

"As a general rule, we do not recommend either 
arsenic or strychnine for the extermination of pocket 
gophers. We prefer the bisulphide of carbon as cheaper 
and more efficacious. A handful of rags or waste wet 
with bisulphide should be thrust into a fresh burrow; the 
mouth of the burrow should then be stopped. The fumes 
from the bisulphide being heavier than atmospheric 
air, float downwards along the tunnel to its remotest 
ramifications, destroying all animals there." 

In a letter from Professor Niswander, of Wyoming 
Experiment Station, I have the following testimony: 

"Over two-thousand burrows have been treated by 
me in 1893 with bisulphide, and ninety-nine per cent, of 
the trials have been successful. In a few instances the 
holes had been apparently opened from the outside, and 
these were all counted with the unsatisfactory trials. I 
have no hesitation in recommending carbon bisulphide 
for burrowing animals. The most important thing in the 
use of strychnine is to get the gophers to eat it. With 



46 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

the bisulphide this is not necessary. Both arsenic and 
strychnine are dangerous to stock running loose; the 
bisulphide entails no such risk." 

In view of this favorable testimony I should strongly 
advise farmers and municipalities to give the bisulphide 
a trial. The retail price of bisulphide of carbon varies with 
the locality at which it is purchased, it averaging between 
fifteen cents and twenty-five cents a ponnd. In one-hun- 
dred pound lots it could be bought at prices between ten 
cents and fifteen cents a pound. One gallon — about ten 
pounds — is a quantit}^ sufficient for one hundred and sixty 
to two hundred burrows. 

Grasshoppers. — Pestiferous Grasshopper: An Agri- 
cultural College professor gives a remedy that is a dead 
shot. The best known remedy for this pest is the "bran 
and arsenic dope." It is made by mixing one hundred 
pounds of bran, three pounds of Paris green and two 
quarts cf molasses together, adding enough water to 
make the mixture of the proper consistency. This remedy 
has been used in Colorado with splendid results. The 
mixture is strewn between the rows of corn, potatoes, 
etc., or scattered around through the patches of lucern, 
and is devoured by the grasshopper in perference to 
other food. Of course it is necessary to exclude all 
stock from the fields containing the poison, as it would 
undoubtedly be eaten and serious results follow. — 
E. S. Richman, Entomologist, Agricultural College, Logan, 
Utah. May 14, 1894. 

P. S. — Papers shouid copy this remedy, as it is not 
generally known to the farmers, and may be of great 
value to them. — E. S. R. Tribune, May, 1894. 

Grain. — How Grain will Shrink: Farmers should 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC 47 

know that wheat from the time it is threshed will shrink 
two quarts to the bushel, or six per cent., in six 
months, in the most favorable circumstances. Hence 
it follows that ninety-four cents a bushel for wheat 
when first threshed in August is as good, taken into 
account shrinkage alone, as one dollar in the following 
February. 

Corn shrinks much more — about ten per cent, in 
six months. 

In the case of potatoes, taking those that rot and 
are otherwise lost together with the shrinkage, there is 
but little doubt that between October and June the 
loss to the owner who holds them is not less than 
thirty-three per cent. This estimate is taken on the 
basis of interest at seven per cent., and takes no ac- 
count of loss by vermin. — Canadia?i Star Almanac. 

Glue. — No. 1. Russian Liquid: Soften 50 parts 
best Russian glue in 50 parts warm water; add slowly 
from two-and-three-quarters to three parts aquafortis and 
three parts powdered sulphate of lead.— Scientific Ameri- 
can Cyclopaedia. 

Rice Glue. — No. 2. The fine Japanese cement is 
made by mixing rice flour with a sufficient quantity of 
cold water, then boiling gently with constant stirring. — 
Scientific American Cyclopa'dia. 

Hair. — Los Angeles Hair Grower: "Washes to 
make the hair grow can always be employed, with 
greater or less success, so long as there is any vitality 
left in the hair follicles or roots. If, however, these are 
entirely dead or destroyed, there is no possibility of in- 
ducing a fresh growth of hair. This will be evident 
from the shining or glistening appearance the scalp 



48 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

assumes when the hair roots are destroyed. The 
loosening of the hair, which frequently occurs to young 
persons, or those of middle-age, will generally, if neg- 
lected, become real baldness. The case, however, is 
not a hopeless one. If proper treatment be pursued, 
the hair will grow afresh and assume its prestine 
strength. A useful practice — when the hair is not too 
long and heavy — is to immerse the head in cold water 
morning and night; dry the hair thoroughly, and then 
brush the scalp until a warm glow is produced; then 
apply hair lotion. " 

Formula: "One pound leaves of wild mountain sage. 
Boil in one gallon of water in close covered pot. Boil 
down to two quarts. Add two ounces oil of rosemary; 
add burgamot, one ounce, to scent. Bottle, label, and 
cork tightly. Directions: Saturate bare parts thoroughly 
two times a day for ten minutes, for three days, then 
miss two days. One quart bottle of the hair grower 
should produce a good head of hair. Price East $5.00 
per bottle. " — J. Stearns. 

Headache. — Charcoal a Cure for Sick Headache: 
It is stated that two teaspoonfuls of finely powdered 
charcoal, drank in one-half tumbler of water, will in 
fifteen minutes give relief and cure the sick headache. — 

Moore. 

Hops. — Invaluable: Less medicine would be used 
if the value of hops was more known. Use a quarter 
of an ounce to a pint of boiling water and all the better 
with a teaspoonful of Epsom salts in it. Take a wine- 
glassfull in the morning, which will not only restore but 
will keep anyone in the best of health, at little expense. 
Hop drink gives a cheerful mind, rich blood, and good 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 



49 



digestion. Choose the gold color. As an appetizer, 
carroway seed may be added. — Edwin Fray, London, 
England, 

Honey.— Artificial: White sugar 5 pounds, water 
2 pounds. Gradually bring to a boil and skim well. 
When cool add one pound of bees' honey and four drops 
peppermint. To make of better quality add less water 
and more real honey. — Scientific American Cyclopcedia. 

Note: — Families, who buy honey in small quantities, 
should be careful to see that they get a genuine article, 
as there are tons of adulterated honey, sold by unscrup- 
ulous persons, for the pure article. — Ed. 

How to Preserve Shoe Soles.— Melt together tal- 
low and common rosin. Two parts of tallow and one 
part of rosin, and apply the preparatton, hot, to the 
soles of the boots and shoes as much of it as the 
leather will absorb. One farmer declares that this re- 
ceipt alone has been worth more than five dollars. — 
National Farmers' 1 Cyclopaedia. 

Hog Cholera.— A cheap and simple remedy for this 
terrible disease is given by an Iowa Farmer: To six 
quarts of air slacked lime add one quart each of pow- 
dered sulphur and common salt. Stir well together and 
place in a long trough in a dry place where the hogs can 
have free access to it. Keep such a mixture in the 
trough throughout the season and the hogs will not 
have cholera. Tested for a number of years, it has 
never failed to prevent or cure the disease. — Irrigation 
Age, Oct., 1894. 

Harness Dressing. —The Government Harness 
Dressing is as follows: One quart neats foot oil, y 2 lb 
4 



50 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

baberry tallow, % lb beeswax, y 2 lb. beef tallow. Put 
the above in a pan over a moderate fire. When thor- 
oughly dissolved add one pint castor oil; then while on 
the fire, stir in one fourth ounce lampblack. Mix well 
and strain through a fine cloth to remove sediment, let 
cool, and you have as fine a dressing for harness, boots, 
and shoes, or leather of any kind as can be had. — S. 
A. Cyc. 

Ice Cream, Home Made.— One quart of cream, 6 
eggs, 12 ounces powdered loaf sugar. Break the eggs 
into a stewpan and whisk together; add the cream and 
sugar; when well mixed, place on 'the fire and continue 
stirring from the bottom with the whisk, to prevent 
burning, until it gets thick; take from the fire, continue 
to stir for a few minutes. If the custard be suffered to 
boil it will curdle. Strain, flavor with juice of 2 lemons 
and when cold freeze. — Scientific American Cyclopedia. 

Ice. — How to Keep Ice In Summer: Wrap ten lbs. 
of ice in three or four thicknesses of blanket or flannel, 
and place it on a grating, or on four crossed sticks, so 
that no water can accumulate underneath and at the end 
of 2 days it will not have entirely melted. When the 
ice is allowed to stand in its own water it 'will be all 
dissolved in 3 or four hours. 

Freezing Mixture: — Snow or pounded ice, 2 parts; 
common table salt, 1 part. — Ex. 

Indigestion and Constipation, (No 1) from which 

so many suffer, may be entirely cured, by using in lieu 
of oat meal, bran mush. It should be cooked at least 
thirty minutes, and may be eaten with cream and sugar. 
The taste for it has to be cultivated, but when once ac- 
quired, many prefer it to oat meal or germade. It is a 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 51 

cheap and wholesome dish. Dr. T. B. Beatty and 
other physicians hold it in high esteem. — Local Item. 

No. 2. Use coarse vegetable diet, and plenty of 
fruit and berries, with regular exercise. A teaspoonful 
of wheat bran in a teacup of hot water before retiring 
is an excellent remedy. By using whole wheat or one 
fourth the amount of shorts as of the flour in the bread, 
you will find it a sure cure for sick headaches and all 
troubles arising from indigestion.— Ex. 

Invalid. — Drink for an Invalid: Beat up an egg, 
add sugar to taste, lemon for flavoring, and milk. — 
Zion's Borne Monthly. 

Insects. — How to Destroy: The Bureau of En- 
tomology Department of Agriculture, Washington, sends 
out the following, for use as insecticides on or about 
plants, trees, chicken coops, etc. : London purple — to 20 
pounds flour from one quarter to one-half pound is 
added, and well mixed. This is applied with a sifter or 
blower. With forty gallons of water, one-quarter to 
one-half pound r is mixed for spraying. Paris Green, with 
twenty pounds of flour from three-quarters to one 
pound is mixed and applied by sifting or by a blower. 
The same amount of the insecticide to forty gallons of 
water is used as a spray. Carbolic Acid: A solution 
of one part in one hundred of water is used against 
parasites on domestic animals and their barns and sheds; 
also on the surface of plants. Persian Insect Powder is 
blown or sifted on dry. Tobacco Decoction: This is 
made as strong as possible, as a wash or spray, to kill 
insect pests on animals and plants. — Canadian Star 
Almanac. 



52 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

Kitchen. — Baking Powder. This is chiefly em- 
ployed as a substitute for yeast. One or two teaspoon- 
fuls are mixed with the dry flower and other ingredients, 
which are then made into a dough, as quickly as possi- 
ble, with cold water, and at once baked or boiled, as 
the case may be. By the addition of about one-half 
drachm turmeric powder to each pound of baking pow- 
der, it is converted into egg powder. — Dick's Encyclo- 
pedia. 

Home Baking Powder. — No. 1. Formula: Bicarbo- 
nate of soda, 16 oz. ; tartaric acid, 14 oz. ; carbonate 
magnesia, 6 oz. ; corn starch or rice flower, 6 oz; best 
patent roller flower, 6 oz ; use one teaspoonful to one 
pound of flour. 

The soda and acid are properly dried before mixing, 
by passing repeatedly through a fine seive, or the powder 
spoils by keeping. Pack the powder down tightly to pre- 
vent the absorption of moisture; preserve in large- 
mouthed stoppered bottles. 

No 2. Formula: Bicarbonate of soda, 4 oz. ; cream 
of tartar, 9 oz. , corn starch, 7 oz. ; dry separately and 
mix thoroughly. 

We have found that baking powders keep well in 
Mason's patent jars. — Scientific American Cyclopozdia. 

As a cooking media, the plant oils, or vegetable oils, 
are in all respects superior to animal fats. Cotton-seed 
oil has been proved to be nutritious and wholesome. — 
Domestic Science, by Dr. J. E. Talmage. 

Bread. — The Bread We Eat: Bread has been 
called the staff of life, and yet this figure of speech, in 
view of the kind of bread that most persons eat, is a 
decided misnomer. The ordinarv white flour, which 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 



53 



forms the basis of much food that is eaten, is principally 
a starch compound, and contains only three of the fifteen 
elements that go to compose the body, namely; carbon 
hydrogen and oxygen. To prove that white flour does 
not meet the requirements of the body, Magendil fed it 
wholly to a number of dogs, and at the end of forty days 
they died. Others to which he gave the wheat meal, at 
the end of this time were in first class condition. More 
than half of the children under twelve years of age, have 
decayed teeth, owing to the insufficient supply of the 
required mineral ingredients, and this deficiency is 
caused as a rule by eating white bread. Dispepsia, 
constipation, loss of nerve power, and many other 
diseases are produced by improper feeding. Sulphur is 
required for the growth of the hair, yet white flour does 
not contain a trace, the phosphates are also notably 
lacking, and as these substances are absolutely necessary 
in the animal economy, the use of bread as ordinarily 
prepared should be interdicted. When flour is made of 
the whole grains of wheat we have an article of food 
which contains all the elements that the body requires 
for its support and this flour should be universally used 
instead of the false aeschetic taste that demands "a 
white loaf." — Ziori 's Home Monthly, Sept. i, 1894, by H. 
IV. Naisbitt. 

Graham Bread. — No. L Two-thirds of a cup of 
molasses. One pint of sweet milk. One teaspoonful of 
soda. One quart of graham flour. A pinch of salt. 
— Mrs. E. Crandall, Hoesick, N. Y. Modern Cook Book. 

Graham Bread. — No 2. Is made good of unbolted 
wheat flour, freshly ground. Take luke warm water to 
wet the flour, and use yeast and salt, as for wheat bread, 



54 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

knead in flour to make stiff, let stand from one to two 
hours till risen, and then bake in loaves of moderate size. 
This is the best bread for people who are inclined to 
dispepsia. — Dr. Gunn. 

Buns. — One pound of flour, six ounces of butter, two 
teaspoonfuls of baking powder, a quarter of a pound of 
sugar, one egg, nearly a quarter of a pint of milk, a 
few drops of essence of lemon. Bake immediately. This 
receipt will make twenty- four buns. — Mine of Wealth. 

Butter. — How to Keep: No. 1. A compound of 
one part sugar and one part nitre (saltpetre) and two 
parts of the best salt, beaten together into a fine powder 
and mixed thoroughly with the butter, in the proportions 
of one ounce to the pound, will keep the butter sweet 
and good for two year. — National and Farmers' Cyclopedia. 

No. 2. Butter washed with a solution, (4 drm), five 
teaspoonfuls of salicylic acid to a gallon of water kept 
in it, or wrapped in clothes soaked in this water keeps 
fresh for a very long time. 

Butter already rancid, can be greatly improved by a 
thorough washing and kneading with a strong solution 
(8 drm) ten teaspoonfuls of acid per gallon of tepid water, 
followed by washing in pure cold water. The bad smell 
and taste often found in butter is entirely prevented by 
such an admixture of the acid. — 6". A. Cyclopedia. 

To Sweeten Ransid Butter. — Wash the butter with 
some good new milk, and next with cold water. Butyric 
acid, on the presence of which rancidity depends is 
freely soluble in fresh milk. — Scientific American Cy. 

Butter. — Apple Butter: Three gallons of cooked 
apples: One quart of cider vinegar. Season with cin- 
namon. Boil this, down to about two gallons. Add just 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 55 

before removing from the fire, from 3 to 5 pounds of 
sugar. When cool tie up in jars, and keep in a cool 
place.— Mrs. S. E. Ruff, N. Y. 

Baked Apples. — Choose apples of a tart or juicy 
kind. Wash and put them in a shallow earthen dish 
with water to cover the bottom of the dish, this should 
be renewed as necessary. Bake in a moderate oven, for 
thirty minutes, or until done. When taken from the 
oven sift over them a little white sugar. For many per- 
sons cream is a pleasant addition. — The Household, Feb. 
i8 95 . 

Beef. — Potted Beef: An excellent dish. Equal 
to the best steak, and cheap. One shank of beef, or two 
of veal; bones well broken, wash carefully and remove 
bits of bone, cover with cold water; watch when the 
boiling begins and take off the scum that rises. Stew 
five or six hours till the muscles are dissolved; break the 
meat small with a fork; far better than chopping; put it 
in a bread pan; boil down the gravy untH in cooling it 
will turn to a stiff jelly. Season with salt, pepper, all- 
spice and a little sage, and pour it hot, upon the meat. 
Stir together and set aside over night, when it will cut 
into handsome mottled slices for • breakfast or supper. 
— National Farmer'' s and Household Cyclopaedia. 

Beef — To Make Tough Beef Tender: Cut stake 
into slices about two inches thick, rub over them a small 
quantity of carbonate of soda. Wash off next morning, 
cut up and cook. The same process will answer for 
fowls, legs of mutton, etc. — The Household Hints and Helps. 

To Test Mushrooms. — The following is said to be 
a test of the wholesomeness of mushrooms; sprinkle a 



56 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

little salt on the spongy part or gills of the sample to 
be tried; if they turn yellow, they are poisonous; it 
black, they are wholesome. — Danish Pioneer. 

Cheap or Dear Food. — The cheapest and most 
economical food is that which supplies the most nutri- 
ment for the least money. — W. O. Atwater, Ph. D. , 
U. S. Bulletin, No. 23.— 1895. 

Substitute for Graham Flour. — Graham flour is 
simply flour made from whole wheat without bolting. 
The consumer pays frorn^ $1.50 to $2.00 per hundred, 
(according tj prices ruling in the local markets) for 
graham flour, while shorts or middlings, which is a most 
excellent substitute for graham, can be bought for less 
than one half the money. 

Should the shorts be found to be too coarse, sift, or 
add a little white flour. 

Shorts also, when well cooked, answer very well as a 
substitute for wheaten grits, and germade. — Editoi-. 

Coffee. — The Use of Coffee: If coffee required 
for breakfast be put in a granitized kettle over night, 
and a pint of cold water poured over, it can be heated 
to just the boiling point and then set back to prevent 
further ebullition, wheji it will be found that, while the 
strength is extracted, its delicate aroma is preserved. 

Two ounces of coffee to one pint of boiling water 
makes a first-class beverage. Bitterness comes from 
boiling it too long. It is asserted by men of high pro- 
fessional ability that when the system needs stimulant 
nothing equals a cup of fresh coffee. It is also con- 
sidered a specific in typhoid fever. Burned on hot coals 
it is a disinfectant for a sickroom. — Ziori 's Home Monthly, 
Sept. 1894. 



. home economy, etc. 57 

Cake — Fruit Cake, Very Nice, that will Keep for 
Months. — Butter, sugar, molasses, flour and sweet milk, 
of each one cup; currants, four cups; eggs, eight; bak- 
ing powder, two teaspoonfuls; citron, chopped fine, one- 
half pound; two grated nutmegs, and cinnamon to taste. 
Bake two hours. — Dr. Chase. 

Currant Cake. — Butter, one cup; sugar, two cups; 
four eggs; flour, three and one-half cups; sour milk one 
cup; currants, two cups; saleratus or soda, one tea- 
spoonful. Flavor with lemon or other extracts as you 
choose. — Dr. Chase. 

Light, plain cake is easily digested and very nutri- 
tious. Arctic explorers now take with them a good supply 
of rich fruit cake, as it has been found that it possesses 
greater strength and heat-producing properties than any 
other article of food. — /. H. Avers, A. M. 

In making cake, Dr. Joseph S. Richards recommends 
the use of graham flour. — Ed. 

Rice Cake. — Six eggs well beaten; mix in five oz. 
sugar; put in one-half pound ground rice, a very little 
brandy, and the rinds of two lemons grated. Stir, and 
bake for one-half hour in a quick oven. — Ex. 

Cracked Wheat Mush, Very Excellent. — The same 
also if cooked whole: Cracked wheat makes an excellent 
mush, cooked and eaten the same as oatmeal. — Dr. Chase. 

Deviled Ham. — Take lean boiled ham and chop it 
very fine, season with black and red pepper and dry 
mustard Press it solid and slice thin. Beef or boiled 
beef's tongue may be served in the same manner. — Mrs. 
R. W. Mills, Webster Grove, Mo. Modern Cook Book. 

Easy of Digestion. — Rice, grapes, prunes, tapioca, 
sago, arrowroot, strawberries, asparagus, cauliflowers, 



58 HOME ECONOMY, ETC - 

baked apples, oranges, peaches, toast water, oatmeal, 
mutton, venison, hare, sweetbreads, chicken, turkey, 
partridge, pheasant, grouse, beef tea, mutton broth, 
milk, turbot and haddock. 

Hard to Digest. — Pork and veal, goose, clams 
(roast), liver, brain, salt meat, sausages, hash lobster, 
crab, salt fish, mackerel, oil, melted butter, shrimps, 
mussel, cheese, new bread, pastry, carrots, parsnips, 
pickles, mushrooms, cucumbers, pine-apples, plumbs, 
nuts, pears, custards, chocolate and muffins. — Ex. 

Horse-Radish to Bottle. — Six tablespoonfuls 
scraped or grated horse-radish, one tablespoonful white 
sugar, one quart good vinegar. Scald the vinegar. 
Pour boiling hot over the horse-radish. Bottle. — Scienti- 
fic American Cyclopcedia. 

In most receipes where baking powder is called for 
you can substitute one small teaspoonful of soda or 
saleratus to every pint of sour milk or buttermilk used 
to wet the flour, meal, etc., remembering to mix the soda 
or saleratus well with the flour before sifting. Give this 
a trial. 

Recipes for Bread — Graham Bread. — One quart 
of sour milk, two round teaspoonfuls of soda or salera- 
tus, two teaspoonfuls of salt, one cup of New Orleans 
molasses, two tablespoonfuls of brown sugar, four coffee- 
cups of Graham flour, four coffee-cups of wheat flour- 
Bake one hour in a slow oven. 

Brown Bread. — Three cups yellow Indian meal, 
one-and one-half cups rye meal, three cups sour milk, 
one-half cup molasses, one teaspoonful soda or saleratus. 
Steam three hours, then bake three hours slowly. 

Boston Brown Bread. — One even cup of Indian meal, 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 59 

two heaping cups of rye flour, one teaspoonful of salt 
and one of soda or saleratus, one cup of New Orleans 
molasses. Mix very~thoroughly the meal, salt and soda, 
add one pint of hot water to the molasses, and stir up 
well into a smooth batter. Put in a buttered tin boiler, 
cover tightly, set in an iron kettle to boil three hours or 
more, adding hot water as necessary. When done, set 
the bread-boiler (uncovered) in the oven for fifteen 
minutes. 

Milk Bread. — One quart milk, half teacupful of 
yeast, one-fourth pound butter, one tablespoonful white 
sugar. Stir into the milk, which should be made blood 
warm, a pint of flour, the sugar, and lastly the yeast, 
beat well together, let stand five or six hours to rise; 
dissolve one teaspoonful soda or saleratus in a little 
warm water, melt the butter, and add all with a little 
salt to the batter; work in flour enough to make a stiff 
dough; let this rise three hours, and make into small 
loaves; set near the fire for half an hour, and then bake. 

Corn Bread. — tor three small loaves take one quart 
white Indian meal, pour boiling water enough to scald 
the meal, without leaving any lumps or wetting too 
much, then one up molasses, and one teaspoonful soda 
or saleratus, dissolved in a little water. Let it cool 
enough to mix with the hands. Use a bowl of sponge 
prepared the night before, and knead up with wheat flour 
until quite stiff, then set near the stove to rise. When 
light, bake one hour. 

Buttermilk Bread. — One pint buttermilk heated to 
scalding, stir in while hot a tablespoonful white sugar, 
and enough flour to make a tolerably stiff batter. Let it 
stand over night in a warm place. In the morning stir 



60 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

into the sponge a teaspoonful soda or saleratus dissolved 
in a little warm water, a little salt, and two tablespoon- 
fuls melted butter; work in just flour enough to enable 
the dough to be easily worked; knead well, make into 
loaves, let rise until light, then bake. This makes very 
wholesome bread. 

To Make Wheat Bread. — Put seven pounds of 
wheat flour in a large bowl or tray, heap it around the 
sides, leaving a hollow in the centre; put into it a quart 
of warm water, add to it a large tablespoonful of salt, 
half a teaspoonful of soda or saleratus dissolved in a 
little water, and half a gill of baker's yeast; have three 
pints more of water, and with as much of it as may be 
necessary make the whole in a rather soft dough, work 
it well with both hands; when it is smooth and shining 
strew a little flour over, lay a thicly-folded cloth over it, 
and set it in a warm place for four or five hours, then 
knead it again for fifteen minutes, cover it and let it set 
to rise again; when it is like a sponge, work it down 
again, divide it in loaves, either two or four, and bake 
it in a quick oven, according to their size; one hour, if 
divided in two loaves; half an hour each, if divided 
in four. 

In cold weather bread should be mixed in a warm 
room, and not allowed to become cold whilst mixing; 
have a thickly-folded cloth, warm it and lay it over, and 
set the bowl in a warm place; if there is any difficulty 
about its rising, set the bowl or tray over a kettle of hot 
water. It is as well to mix this bread at night in cold 
weather, and cover it close, in a warm room, until 
morning. 

Griddle Cakes. — Mix one quart of sour milk or 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 61 

buttermilk with three tablespoonfuls of molasses, and 
^alt to taste, then add slowly, four cups of sifted flour, 
well mixed with two teaspoonfuls soda or saleratus, before 
wetting. One or two eggs will greatly improve this. 

Buckwheat Cakes. —Mix three tablespoonfuls of 
molasses with one quart of sour milk or buttermilk and 
one or two beaten eggs. Then add and stir slowly 
enough buckwheat flour to make a nice batter, and one 
handful of corn meal well mixed with one large tea- 
spoonful soda or saleratus. Salt to taste. Bake 
immediately. 

Corn Meal Batter Cakes. — One pint of corn meal, 
three-quarters pint of sour milk, one small teaspoonful 
soda or saleratus stirring till it foams. Two eggs; 
salt to taste. Mix well. Have the griddle hot and 
well greased. Serve immediately. 

Oat Meal Cake. — One cup of cream, two of sour 
milk, two tablespoonfuls of brown sugar, one large tea- 
spoonful of soda or saleratus dissolved in the sour milk, 
and oat meal enough to form a batter. 

Cakes. — In cake-making always cream the butter 
and sugar together; always sift the flour; always dissolve 
the soda in milk, molasses or water and beat the eggs 
nice and stiff. 

Cup Cake. — One teacup butter, two teacups sugar, 
three teacups flour, four eggs, one small teaspoonful 
soda or saleratus. Flavor with rind of one lemon and a 
little juice. 

Tea Cake. — One cup butter, three cups sugar, five 
cups flour, one cup milk, three eggs, nutmeg, one tea- 
spoonful soda or saleratus. 



62 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

Loaf Cake. — One cup butter, four cups flour, half a 
pint milk, one egg, a little yeast, nutmeg, one teaspoon- 
ful soda or saleratus. Put in two cups of sugar and 
raisins just before baking. 

Wedding Cake. — One pound butter, one and a quar- 
ter pounds sugar, one pound flour, thirteen eggs, three 
pounds raisins (stoned and chopped) mace, nutmegs, 
cloves and cinnamon, also citron to taste, one teaspoon- 
ful soda or saleratus dissolved in water. 

Ginger Cookies. — Half a pound butter, one pint 
molasses, two teacups sugar, two tablespoonfuls ginger, 
two teaspoonfuls soda or saleratus, flour to make it stiff 
enough to roll. 

Cinger Bread. — One cup molasses, one cup sour 
cream, two and one-half cups flour, one teaspoonful 
ginger, one teaspoonful soda or saleratus, salt. 

Soft Ginger Bread. — One cup cream, one cup 
molasses, two and one-half cups flour, one egg, one tea- 
spoonful ginger, half a teaspoonful soda or saleratus, salt. 

Slap Jacks. — Scald two cups of yellow meal with a 
pint of boiling water, beating to smooth mash; thin with 
one quart of buttermilk in which is dissolved two tea- 
spoonfuls soda or saleratus; beat all thoroughly; add a 
little salt, one or two eggs well beaten, and enough flour 
to form a batter. Have the griddle clean, smooth and 
hot. Cold rice or hominy can be used instead of the 
corn meal. 

Waffles. — Two eggs, one pint of sour milk, butter 
size of an egg, one teaspoonful of soda or sleratus, a little 
salt, and enough flour to make a batter. Beat the white 
of an egg separately and add last. Dissolve the soda in 
the milk as usual. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 63 

Corn Bread. — Two teacups Indian meal, two tea- 
cups flour, two ' teacups sour milk or buttermilk, two 
teaspoonfuls soda or saleratus, half a cup molasses, 
one egg. 

Graham Gems. — One pint sour milk, one egg, one 
tablespoonful molasses, one and a half pints Graham 
flour half a teaspoonful of soda or saleratus ; beat 
together a few minutes. Have the tins hot and greased; 
drop in the batter, and bake ten or fifteen minutes in a 
quick oven. 

Quick Biscuit. — One pint cream, one and one-half 
pint buttermilk, one large teaspoonful soda or saleratus, 
salt, flour to make it stiff as bread. 

Pancakes. — One quart of flour, two eggs, one tea- 
spoonful salt, one heaping teaspoonful soda or saleratus, 
enough buttermilk or sour milk to thin batter. Beat the 
eggs, add buttermilk, sift the flour and soda together 
into the eggs and milk, add the salt. 

Rice Gems. — One pound wheat flour, one pound rice 
flour; mix thoroughly and add one pound sugar, one 
pound butter, four eggs, flvaor to taste. Then dissolve 
one teaspoonful soda or saleratus in enough milk to form 
a dough that can be rolled out and cut the same as 
cookies. 

Corn Cake. — Three eggs, beaten light, two cups 
sour milk, three tablespoonfuls melted butter, one table- 
spoonful white sugar, one small teaspoonful salt, one 
teaspoonful soda or saleratus mixed well with corn meal, 
enough to make a thin batter. Bake in shallow pan or 
small tins for half an hour in a hot oven. 

Soda Biscuit. — One pint sour milk or buttermilk, 
two teaspoonfuls melted butter, one teaspoonful soda or 



64 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

saleratus, one quart flour, one teaspoonful salt. Mix 
all together quickly cut into biscuits and bake in a very 
hot oven quickly. 

Strawberry Short Cake. — Take one pint of butter- 
milk (into which is dissolved a teaspoonful of soda or 
saleratus), a little salt, and about two tablespoontuls of 
butter, a tablespoonful of sugar, and nearly a quart uf 
flour, roll out quickly into two sheets just large enough 
for your biscuit pan, butter them and place one on top 
of the other and bake in a quick oven. Have three 
quarts of berries stemmed and well sugared, put two 
quarts between the layers, reserving the third quart to 
crush with sugar for the top. Do not put the berries 
into the short cake until ready to be eaten. 

Ginger Snaps. — One cup molasses, one cup sugar, 
one cup butter (not quite full), seven cups flour, one 
egg, one large teaspoonful soda or saleratus, one table- 
spoonful vinegar, ginger to taste. 

Jelly Cake. — One cup of butter, two of sugar, three 
eggs, one cup of milk with a teaspoonful of soda or 
saleratus and four cups of flour. Bake in layers and 
spread with currant jelly. Ice with the white of one egg 
and the same amount of cream stirred together, and 
made stiff enough to spread with confectioner's sugar. 

White Molasses Candy. — One pound of granulated 
sugar, one pint of golden syrup; boil till quite thick, 
when dropped into coid water, then add one pint of 
molasses and four tablespoonfuls vinegar; boil un- 
til it will crack, remove at once from the fire, and stir 
in quickly half a teaspoonful of soda or saleratus and 
flavor with lemon; pour in pans and work until white. 
This is very fine. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 65 

Lemon Jelly Cake. — One and a half cups of sugar, 
to one of butter, four eggs, half a teaspoonful soda or 
saleratus in half a cup of sour milk, nearly three cups of 
sifted flour. Flavor with lemons, and bake in layers. 

Lemon Jelly for Above. — The grated rind and juice 
of one lemon, one cup of granulated sugar and one egg; 
beat all together thoroughly and cook in double boiler 
until thick. Spread when cold and frost with white 
frosting. 

With these two recipes for layer cake a great variety 
may be , made by using different frostings or placing 
chopped fruit between the layres. 

A nice chocolate frosting is quickly made by beating 
two whites of eggs up stiff and stirring in pulverized 
sugar until it thickens enough to spread, then add four 
tablespoonfuls of cocoa and a teaspoonful of extract of 
vanilla. 

Pound Cake. — One pound sugar, nine eggs, one 
cup milk, one cup butter, two eggs, one teaspoonful 
soda or saleratus, one quart flour, nutmeg. 

Molasses Cake. — One cup molasses, one cup sugar, 
one cup cold tea or coffee, one cup butter, two eggs, 
two teaspoonfuls soda or saleratus, one tablespoonful 
ginger, a little salt, flour to thicken, not too much. 

Doughnuts. — Two cups of sugar, one cup of sour 

milk, one teaspoonful soda or saleratus, three eggs, 

butter size of an egg; add flour to make stiff enough to 

roll out. Fry in hot lard. A little cinnamon can be 

added if you wish. 

'*» 
Lemon Cake. — One and a half cups sugar, one cup 

butter, half a cup milk, two and a half cups flour, three 

5 



66 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

eggs, half a teaspoonful soda or saleratus, the juice and 
grated rind of one lemon. 

Fruit Cake. — Three pounds raisins, three pounds 
currants, one pound citron, one pound butter, one pound 
sugar, one and a quarter pounds flour, ten eggs, half a 
cup molasses, one teaspoonful mace, cloves, allspice, 
cinnamon and nutmeg, one teaspoonful soda or saleratus 
wet in milk. Scorch part of the flour. 

Plum Pudding. — One pound beef suet (chopped 
fine), one-half pound brown sugar, enough milk to make 
a stiff batter, one teaspoonful cloves, two teaspoonfuls 
cinnamon, one nutmeg, one teaspoonful soda or saleratus, 
one pound raisins, one pound currants, half pound 
citron, one pound flour. Mix all well, put in a bag and 
boil four hours. 

Sauce for Above. — Two cups sugar, two teaspoonfuls 
butter, one cup of boiling water. Nutmeg or cinnamon 
to taste. 

Boiled Apple Pudding. — Pare, core, and chop fine 
six large juicy apples; add two cups fine bread-crumbs, 
one cup suet (chopped fine), juice one lemon, one-half 
teaspoonful salt and one teaspoonful soda or saleratus 
dissolved in warm water. Mix well together with a 
wooden spoon. Boil three hours in a buttered mold. 
Serve with sweet sauce. 

Cake — Eggless. — No. 1. One cup sugar, one-half 
cup butter, one cup buttermilk, one teaspoonful of soda; 
one teaspoonful of cream of tartar, three cups of flour. 
Bake in a moderate oven. 

No. 2. One and one-half cups sour milk, one-half 
cup butter, two cups chopped raisins, one teaspoonful 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 67 

soda, spice to taste., flour enough to make a thick bat- 
ter. 

Lemon Snaps. — One large cup of sugar, two cups of 
flour, full half-cup butter, two eggs, two tablespoonfuls 
of hot water, one-half teaspoonful soda. Flavor with 
lemon to taste. Roll very thin. Bake- in moderate 
oven. 

Meat Pie. — For a good meat pie chop pieces of 
veal, beef or lamb, or all three, and make a layer in the 
bottom of your baking dish with thin slices of tomatoes 
and a very little onion, season nicely, add bits of butter 
sparingly and cracker crumbs. Repeat this until the 
dish is nearly full, then pour into it a cup of water and 
place on top a ctust made of one cup of flour, into 
which you have carefully sifted one-half a spoonful of 
soda or saleratus and one-half a teaspoonful of salt. 
Rub in a tablespoonful of butter (or lard), wetting it up 
with sour milk or buttermilk into a stiff dough, roll 
lightly, place over the pie, and bake a nice brown. 
Garnish with parsley around the edges before serving. 

Chicken Pie. — Boil a good-sized chicken until ten- 
der (a little soda added to the water hastens the boiling 
and improves the meat), when done, having seasoned it 
before it was half-cooked, remove the bones and make 
layers of the chicken with thinly-sliced potatoes until 
your dish is full, then pour in your gravy, thickened, 
and cover with a crust same as for the meat pie. Or 
take three-fourths of a cup of sour milk (clabbered), in 
which is dissolved half a teaspoonful soda or saleratus, 
one egg well beaten, cup and a half of flour, half a tea- 
spoonful of salt, and a teaspoonful of sugar. This 
makes a very fine crust. 



68 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

Pudding Sauce. — One teacup of sugar, half a cup 
of butter, one tablespoonful flour; beat all together and 
add three gills of boiling water. Flavor and color with 
cherry or berry juice. Let it just come to a boil, then 
set on the back of the stove until ready to use. — Arm and 
Hammer Receipt Book. 

Meat — To Keep in Hot Weather. — Fresh meat, 
when laid upon a plate or tin dish, in hot weather, will 
soon turn green, sour and spoil. By hanging it up in a 
cool, airy place it will keep sweet and fresh for some 
time. — Ex. 

Mincemeat. — No. 1. Four pounds of lean, boiled 
beef (chopped fine), eight pounds of chopped, green, 
tart apples, one pound of chopped suet, three pounds of 
raisins (seeded), two pounds of currants, one-half pound 
citron, cut fine, one pound of sugar, one quart molasses, 
two quarts sweet cider, one tablespoonful each of salt, 
pepper, mace and allspice, and four tablespoonfuls of 
cinnamon, two grated nutmegs, and one tablespoonful of 
cloves. Mix thoroughly and warm through on stove 
range, remove from the fire, and when nearly cool stir in 
a pint of good brandy and one of Maderia wine. Put 
into a crock, cover it tightly, and set in a cool place 
where it will not freeze. Will keep good all winter. — 
Chef de Cuisine, As tor House, N. Y. 

No. 2. Ingredients: Four pounds of lean, cold 
boiled beef, chopped fine, nine pounds of apples, 
chopped fine, one and a half pounds of suet, chopped 
fine, three pounds of raisins, two pounds of currants, 
half a pound of citron, sliced fine, five pounds of sugar, 
three teaspoonfuls of ground cloves, ten teaspoonfuls of 
ground cinnamon, five teaspoonfuls of ground mace, one 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 69 

teaspoonful of ground black pepper, one quart of vine- 
gar mixed with one quart of molasses. Mix all together, 
and add the juice and gratedrind of two lemons, and 
salt to taste. 

No. 3. Ingredients: Two pounds of raisins, three 
pounds of currants, one and a half pounds of cold boiled 
beef, three pounds of beef suet, two pounds of moist 
sugar, two ounces each of candied citron, orange and 
lemonpeel, one nutmeg, two pounds of apples the grated 
rind and juice of two lemons, one cupful of mixed 
vinegar and molasses. Stone and cut the raisins across 
once or twice; chop very fine the beef, suet and apples; 
slice the peel fine. Mix all thoroughly together, and add 
salt to taste. — Family Herald, 1895. 

Maple Syrup — How to Make. — To every pound of 
maple sugar add one pint of water, and simply bring the 
same to a boil. Bottle for use. Much cheaper and 
much better than the average syrup.— Techno Chemical 
Receipt Book. German. 

No people on the earth cook so badly and waste so 
much as Americans. In half the houses in the country 
one-third of all that is brought into the kitchen for food 
is carried out the back door as garbage. Travelers from 
abroad are shocked by the wastefulness of American 
cooks. The French are famed the world over for their 
economical dishes; one foul is enough for a medium-sized 
family; the vast variety of vegetables, pastry, and pud- 
ding are unheard of, yet he who sits at a French table 
fares well and in abundance. On the rich Western 
farms everything grows luxuriantly, grain, vegetables, 
fruits, eggs, milk, cream and butter without stint. Yet 
who has not repeatedly sat at tables loaded with viands 



70 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

and nothing fit to eat— heavy bread, meat swimming in 
grease, bad coffee, etc. A man is what his food makes 
him to a greater degree than ethnologists admit; there- 
fore his food should be of the proper sort, well cooked, 
easily digested and nutritious. To cook well requires 
teaching and experience. A change of diet for the bet- 
ter, it has been recently demonstrated, has worked as- 
tonishing results in the reformation of criminals. Cook- 
ing is an art, it is practical chemistry, more important 
than any other branch of that science, since upon it 
depend the health and usefulness of the human race. — 
Chicago Inter Ocean, Jan. 1895. 

Note. — "It is not what we eat, but what we digest, that makes us strong." 

Peaches, Plums and Pears. — To put up fresh: Take 

prime ripe fruit, wipe dry, and place the same in jars. 

Fill with boiling water and seal quickly. Turn jars 

upside down and place in a cool place. 

To fill jars with hot fruit without warming them : 
Simply place under jars a large folded newspaper, 

and fill them with boiling hot fruit. They never break. — 

Mrs. L. Rudd, Cannon St. City. 

Plum and Apple Jam. — A very nice jam can be 
made by stewing together plums and apples; put in a 
very little cinnamon and cloves. Cook an hour. 
Sweeten to taste when ready to take off from the fire. 
Then tie up in jars when cold. — Mrs. S. E. Ruff 
Kingsville, Miss. 

Blackberry or Raspberry Jam. — Two quarts of 
berries, one quart of fine cooked apples, boiled from 
twenty to thirty minutes. When done add from one to 
two quarts of sugar, to taste. — Mrs. L. K. E., Lebanon, 
Ohio. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 71 

Pies — Apple Pie. — Line a pie dish with a nice 
crust, and sprinkle on it about three tablespoonfuls of 
flour, adding a little water, sugar, and nutmeg, and 
dropping in a few small pieces of butter. Get some 
nice mellow apples, pare, cut in quarters, core them, 
and put them in the dish. Bake in a moderate oven. 

Peach Pie. — Line a pie tin with puff paste, fill 
with pared peaches, cut in quarters, well covered with 
sugar, put on upper crust (or omit upper crust), bake 
until done; remove from the oven, and cover with a 
meringue made of the whites of two eggs, beaten to a 
stiff froth, with two tablespoonfuls powdered sugar; 
return to oven and brown slightly. Canned peaches, 
instead of fresh, may be used in the same way. — Zion's 
Borne Monthly, H. W. Naisbitt, Editor. 

Squash or Pumpkin Pie. — Ingredients: One cupful 
and a half of stewed and strained squash or pumpkin, 
which must not be watery, one cupful of boiling milk, 
half a cupful of sugar, half a teaspoonful of salt, one 
saltspoonful of cinnamon, and one egg. Mix in the 
order given, and bake with an undercrust only. 

Custard Pie. — Ingredients: Three eggs, three table- 
spoonfuls of sugar, one saltspoonful of salt, nutmeg to 
taste, three cupfuls of milk. Scald the milk and pour it 
hot upon the eggs thoroughly beaten with the sugar; 
add the seasoning, and strain into a deep plate lined 
with paste. Bake slowly, and the moment it puffs 
remove from the oven. 

Lemon Pies. — Rub together one pound butter and 
one and one-half pounds flour with cold water sufficient 
to make a good stiff dough to bottom your plates with 
and fill with the following mixture: Put into a bowl the 



I Z HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

juice of three lemons, the grated rind of one with one 
and one-half pounds of sugar and nine eggs. Mix 
thoroughly and fill your plates with the mixture. Bake 
slowly half an hour. 

Another filling: Three lemons, six eggs, three-fourth 
pound sugar, ont-half pint milk, with salt and nutmeg. 
Mix as the last. 

Another without lemons: One pound of sugar, one- 
half pound flour, ten eggs, one-half pint of milk, one- 
fourth ounce citric or tartaric acid, a little lemon essence 
and salt. Or, mix together one heaping tablespoonful 
of corn starch and one cupful of sugar; add a cupful of 
boiling water, and boil five minutes. Add a teaspoonful 
of butter, the juice and grated rind of one lemon, and 
one well-beaten egg. Bake between two crusts. 

Frosting for Lemon Pies. — Pulverized sugar, four 
ounces, white of six eggs beaten to a stiff froth. Mix. — 
Family Herald, Jan. 75, 1895. 

Prune Pudding. — Wash half a pound of prunes, 
cover with cold water and let stand over night. In the 
morning cook until tender, then press through a colan- 
der; add three-quarters of a cup of sugar, stir until it is 
dissolved. Beat the whites of four eggs; to a stiff, dry 
froth, add them to the prunes, and bake twenty minutes 
in a quick oven. Serve with cream. — Zion's Home 
Monthly, H. W. Naisbitt, Editor. 

Rice — Mode of Cooking.- To one pint of rice put 
three quarts of boiiing water and one-half teaspoonful of 
salt. Boil it just fifteen minutes; drain off water, set 
back, with cover off to steam, fifteen minutes.— Dr. Chase. 

Spiced Vinegar for Pickles Generally. — Bruise in 
a mortar two ounces black pepper, one ounce ginger, 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 73 

one-half ounce allspice, one ounce salt, one-half drachm 
cayenne. Put these in a stone jar with a quart of good 
cider vinegar, and cover them with a bladder wetted with 
the pickle, and over this a piece of leather. Set the jar 
near the fire for three days, shaking it three times a 
day, then pour it on the pickles. To save time it is 
usual to simmer the vinegar gently with the spices. 
For cucumbers, cabbage, etc., it is used cold. — Dick's 
Encyclopedia. 

Sweet Pickles. — One peck green tomatoes, one-half 
peck onions. Slice and sprinkle over them in pan three 
handfulls of fine salt. Mix. Should stand over night. 
Rinse off with cold water. PJace in kettle and cover 
with good vinegar. Now add one-quarter pound of 
mustard, one teaspoonful of black pepper — some whole, 
one-quarter teaspoonful or less cayenne, one ounce whole 
cloves, one desert spoonful ground ginger, one-half ounce 
allspice, two teacups of sugar, or less, to taste. Boil 
fifteen or twenty minutes. — Mrs. Mary Jane Phillips, City. 

To Shell Beans Easily and to Remove the Skins 

rom Apples. — Pour upon the pods a quantity of scald- 

ng water, and the beans will slip very easily from the 

pod. By pouring scalding water on apples the skin may 

be easily slipped off, and much labor saved. — Exchange. 

Seasoning. — Housekeepers should prepare their 
seasoning, and keep a supply on hand. Parsley, thyme, 
sweet marjoram and sage should be kept dried in 
bunches. The roots and stalks and leaves of celery may 
be dried in the oven, grated and bottled for use. A jar 
of mixed seasoning may be made as follows: Take one 
ounce each of nutmeg and mace, two ounces each of 
white pepper and cloves, one ounce each of sweet basil, 



74 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

marjoram and thym, and half-an-ounce bay leaves. Dry, 
pound and pulverize; sive, bottle, cork and set away for 
use. One teaspoonful of the mixture will season a gal- 
lon of soup. A pinch added to gravy or hash will give 
it a delightful flavoi. — Exchange. 

To Prevent the Formation of a Lime Crust in Tea 
Kettles. — Keep an oyster shell in your tea kettle. By 
attracting the stony particles to itself it will prevent the 
formation of lime crust. — Family Herald. 

Lemonsnaps. — One large cup of sugar, two cups of 
flour, one-half cup of butter, two eggs, two tablespoon- 
fulls of hot water, one-half teaspoonful soda, flavor with 
lemon to taste. Roll very thin. Bake in moderate oven. 
— Modern Cook Book. 

Date Cake. — Take 1 cup of sugar, half a cup of 
butter, 1 egg, 1 cup of water, 1 cup of dates stoned 
and chopped fine, 1 cup of raisins stoned and chopped, 
2^2 cups of flour, \y 2 teaspoons of baking powder.- Lisa. 

Brown Bread. — Take 2 cups of corn meal, 1 cup of 
flour, half a cup of molasses, a little salt, 1 teaspoon of 
cream of tartar, 1 teaspoon of soda, 2 cups of sweet 
milk; steam two hours over a kettle of boiling water. 
This has taken the premium at our county fair several 
times.— Mary S. Welsh. 

Mushrooms. — How to Cook. — Peel the mushrooms, 
remove the stalks, and put them in a granite sauce-pan 
with a little salt on the back of the stove to draw the 
juice. Draw the pan forward, and simmer for about 
twenty minutes, or until the mushrooms are tender. Add 
a little milk, pepper and salt to taste, a teaspoonful of 
buttetr to each cupful of mushrooms, add a little thick- 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC 75 

ening, if desired. Pour upon slices of well-toasted 
bread, and serve at once. 

Mushroom Catsup, allow half a pound of salt 
to each peck of mushrooms; and to each quart of mush- 
room-liquor one-quarter ounce of cayenne, half an ounce 
of allspice, half an ounce of ginger, two blades of 
pounded mace. Let the mushrooms be fresh, and gath- 
ered in dry weather; put a layer in a deep bowl, sprin- 
kle salt over them, add another layer, and so on alter- 
nately. Let them remain a few hours, then break them 
up with the hand. In this condition, set them away for 
three days in a cool, dry place, occasionally stirring and 
mashing them in order to extract the juice. Now 
measure the liquor without straining, and add the spices. 
Put all into a stone jar, cover closely, and set the jar 
in a kettle of boiling water, and boil for three hours. 
Now pour into a stewpan, and boil for half an hour 
longer, then pour into a jug, and set in a cool place 
until next day, when it should be strained into very 
dry clean bottles, and securely corked. -^-Mrs. D. F. H. 

Potato Yeast. — Pare and boil eight or ten potatoes 
thirty minutes; when boiling put in another kettle, a 
handful of fresh hops, and three quarts cold water, cover 
and let boil; when the potatoes are cooked drain off and 
mash very fine; strain the boiling hop water into the 
mashed potatoes, stir well and add one half cup of sugar 
and one quarter cup of salt and one pint of flour; stir 
well again and let it stand until blood warm; stir in a cup 
or cake of yeast. Cover close, set to raise in a warm 
place until fomentation ceases. 

Place for use. Yeast made from potatoes is healthy 
and will soon gain converts to itself because of its 



i6 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

superior lightness and delicacy of flavor.— Prof. H. S. 
Burt. 

Yeast. —Salt Rising. — Take two or three quarts of 
new milk, stir in flour until it is of sufficient thickness; 
set in a dish containing water nearly as hot as you can 
bear your hand in; keep it as near the same tempera- 
ture as possible: in six or seven hours it will be up, 
unless the flour is too fine, if it is, add a little graham 
or corn meal; have your flour and some warm milk 
ready; put in the sponge and as much of the milk as 
is necessary to make the dough sufficiently thin; make 
in loaves and set in a warm place to rise; when suffi- 
ciently light, bake, and you will have as good and 
light bread as you ever tasted. — Scammel' s Cyclopcedia. 

Yeast. — To a pint of new milk put one teaspoonful 
of salt on a large spoonful of flour; stir well and keep 
it luke warm by the fire, and in an hour it will be fit 
for use. Twice as much must be used as of common yeast. 
If sour put in saleratus, a teaspoonful to one pint of 
yest; when ready for use if it foams up lively it will 
raise the bread. — ScammeV s Cyclopcedia. 

Yeast Cakes, Home Made. — Especially Adapted 
for Summer Use. — Mix corn meal with good, strong 
potato yeast, (adding a little salt), to dough; rollout the 
dough thin and cut out into cakes, and dry quickly on 
boards in the sun. Store in dry, cool place. One cake 
makes four baker's loaves. — Mrs. O. Bess, City. 

Yeast Cakes. -Boil six potatoes in one quart of 
strong hop tea. When soft mash them fine, and to 
this, when luke warm, add one cup of flour, one half 
cup of sugar, one tablespoonful of ginger, one cup of 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 77 

yeast. Set this sponge in a warm place to rise. When 
light, stir in enough corn meal to make it quite thick. 
Let it rise over night. Then mould it out and cut it 
into single cakes and lay them out to dry on a board 
in the shade (or sun). Can or box them up and keep 

in a dry, cool place. E. J. •Burroughs, Bridgeport, 

Conn. 

Fish Culture. — Let me here inject a stimulant for 
the consideration of our own people from the pen of 
Colonel John T. Crisp, State Fish Commissioner for 
Missouri: "Utilize the splendid water which is so cheap 
and plentiful. It is too valuable to go to waste. 
Brought under control, after the first, second or third 
year, or three times quicker than fruit trees can be 
brought to bear, it will yield you from 2,000 to 3,000 
pounds per acre of bass or crappie fish food, which upon 
your table or in the market, fresh from your lake, will 
command 12^ to 18 cents per pound." Now suppose 
we use his lowest figures for an illustration, and we have 
an income of $250 per acre after the third year's plant- 
ing the fry, and should we use his highest figures, the 
result would be $540 to every acre of water stocked with 
these fishes, and that too with no other expense than at- 
tatches to catching and marketing. If ponds or lakelets 
were built so that they could be readily drained, the 
cost of catching would be nominal. — Utah Fish Commis- 
sioner. 

Note. — In France, they consider one acre of water, 
for fish culture, to be worth two acres of farm land. — 
Editor. 

Land.— Pope who lived some 2000 years ago, said: 
"Large farms will do to admire, but cultivate small 



78 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

ones." True economy will say, "give us a small farm 
well tilled." In Europe, where land is scarce they 
trench deep, turning up the virgin soil, and use a liberal 
supply of fertilizers, and "double and treble" the products 
of the soil. He who can make two spears of grass grow, 
where only one grew "before, not only increases his own 
wealth, but he becomes a benefactor to the race. The 
washed sands which often become a nuisance in our 
water courses, are rich in fertilizing elements, and can 
be applied to the garden and field with profit. Editor. 

Lime Water and Milk. — Worth Knowing: Exper- 
ience proves that lime water and milk are not only 
food and medicine at an early period of life, but also 
at a later, when digestion is feeble and the stomach un- 
fit for its duties, as is shown by the various symptoms 
attending indigestion. The stomach will resume work, 
and do it well, simply on a diet of bread and milk and 
lime water. A bowl of milk may have three tablespoon- 
fulls of lime water added to it with good effect. —Edwin 
Eray, Londo?i. 

Dr. H. K. Chapman of N. Y. recommends lime water 
and milk very highly. — Editor. 

Lime Water. — It is an anti-acid tonic. Kills worms, 
and frees the bowels from slimy and morbific matter. 
It promotes digestion; it is valuable in looseness, scrof- 
ula, diabetes and female weakness. Mixed with a de- 
coction of Peruvian bark, it wonderfully strengthens the 
debilitated and those threatened with atrophy. — Dick's 
Encyclopaedia. 

Laundry. — A Method of Washing, Occupying One 
Hour: Have a preparation made from two tablespoon- 
fuls alcohol, two tablespoonfulls turpentine, one half 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 79 

lb. soap cut fine and mixed in one quart hot water. 
Pour the same into a large tub* of boiling water and 
allow white clothes to soak, covered closely for 20 or 
30 minutes. Wring out, and put them in a tub of clean 
luke warm water for ten minutes. Afterwards boil them 
in a like quantity of the above preparation for five or 
ten minutes, and rinse in cold, blued water. Soap 
risbands and other soiled places. The same water that 
has been used for the white clothes will do for the 
colored. No injury to clothes. The modern patent 
Ringer, is a great blessing to the toiling wash-woman. 
The above is a very excellent receipt, and may be 
relied upon as being effective and labor saving. — J. 
Mar quart, in Recipes Worth their If eight in Gold. 

New Mode of Washing. — German, —dissolve 2 
pounds of soap in three gallons of water, as hot as the 
hands can bear, and adding to this one teaspoonful of 
terpentine and three of liquid ammonia. The mixture to 
be well stirred. Steep lined in it for 30 minutes covered 
tightly. Wash out and rinse. When water is re-heated 
add one-half as much turpentine and ammonia. No in- 
jurious effect. — Rural New Yorker. 

Kerosene Oil in Washing. — Cut up a bar of soap 
in a dish and set on the stove; when melted, put in 
four teaspoonfuls of kerosene oil, let this get good and 
hot, and pour it into one half tub of water; put your 
clothes in this and let them soak over night. In the 
morning simply boil and rinse, wring and hang out. No 
rubbing required. — Mrs. Ellsworth, Queen of the Household. 

Washing. - All things having been made ready for the 
washing, the laundry maid's motto should be: Soak out, 
steam out, press out, wring out, and boil out the dirt, as 



80 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

much as possible, using but little if any hand rubbing. 
The simplest and most practical way to accomplish the 
above object, is as follows: — Sort over white clothes, 
and rub on collars, risbands and all soiled places, with 
a small brush, a little soft soap or melted soap. Put 
clothes in a good sized tub of warm suds, and allow them 
to soak from early rising till after breakfast. Now stir 
and souse them good and drain off the dirty water, and 
add, gradually heating up, good, strong, hot suds, deeply, 
covering closely with blanket or quilt, to keep in the 
heat and steam; when they may be allowed to soak 
and steam for twenty or thirty minutes. After steaming 
the clothes, give them a good sousing and pass them 
quickly through a good patent wringer. When the 
clothes are very dirty, they may be soused and put 
through the Ringer washer, for the second time. 
Now put the clothes loosely and gentiy, without crowd- 
ing into a boiler of good suds and boil them for five or 
ten minutes; then dash into the boiler a little cold 
water, when the clothes can be taken out without 
danger of scalding the hands. Pass the clothes once 
more through the wringer. Now simply rinse the 
clothes in water slightly blued, wring them out, and 
hang them out to dry. The above method is much 
better than the old fashioned way of rubbing the clothes 
tu pieces on the back breaking and side splitting wash 
board. The colored clothes can be treated in the same 
manner as the white clothes, save boiling. The suds 
for soaking the colored clothes should not be made too 
hot or too strong, as the colors will fade. In case the 
above method is strictly followed, clothes, time, labor 
and money will be saved,- and the clothes will be white 
and beautiful. — Practical Chemist. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 81 

Blankets to Wash. — Put three tablespoonfuls of 
powdered borax and one pint of soft soap (or its equiv- 
alent of dissolved bar soap) into a tub of cold, soft 
water. Stir well to dissolve, and mix; then put in the 
blankets, thoroughly wetting, and let them soak over 
night. Next day souse and pound them, and drain them 
out, and rince thoroughly in two waters, not too hot, 
pass through patent wringer and hang them out to dry. 
Undershirts, etc., of wool, can be washed in the same 
way. — Boston Journal of Chemistry. 

Borax, as used by the wash-women of Holland and 
Belgium, so proverbially clean, and who get up their 
linen so beautifully white, do it by the use of re- 
fined borax, — kept by druggists; — as a washing powder, 
instead of soda, using a large handful of borax powder 
to ten gallons of boiling water, saving in soap nearly 
half. All of the large washing establishments adopt the 
same plan. It does not injure clothing. — Youman's Dic- 
tionary of Every Day Wants. 

Powders. — Home Washing Powders, Etc. — No. 1 
Formula: Sal soda two pounds, refined borax one 
pound, carbonate of potash (salts of tartar) two ounces, 
muriate of ammonia powder one and one-half ounces; 
pulverize all and mix thoroughly, put into a large 
mouthed bottle and cork tightly for use. Use one table- 
spoonful to each boiler of clothes, and half as much for 
each additional boiler, and the same amount to tub of 
clothes for soaking. —Boston Journal of Chemistry. 

No. 2 Formula: Effloresced soda, (slacked in the air,) 
ninety parts; Hyposulphate of soda, ten parts; Borax, 
two parts. — Scientific America?i Cyclopozdia. 

Borax is valuable for laundry use instead of soda. 



Z HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

Add a handful of it, powdered, to about ten gallons of 
boiling water and you need use only half the ordinary 
amount of soap. Used by the wash-woman of Holland, 
and also by many of the steam laundries; it will not in- 
jure cloth; answers well for scouring purposes, and as a 
wash for the hair and teeth. — Dr. Chase. 

Borax is now used in some places in washing 
clothes, as a substitute for or an addition to soap, which 
it resembles in its effects, while it does not disturb the 
colors; it is used in very small proportions. — U. S. Dis- 
pensatory. 

Hard waters are rendered very soft and pure (rival- 
ing distilled water) by merely boiling a two ounce bottle 
in a kettle full of water, carbonate of lime will adhere 
to bottle; the water boils much quicker at the same time. 

— American Cyclopaedia. 

Leanness. — Is caused generally by lack of power 
in the digestive organs to digest and assimilate the fat 
producing element of food. First restore digestion, take 
plenty of sleep, keep a clear conscience, drink all the 
water the stomach will bear in the morning on rising, 
take moderate exercise in the open air, eat, oatmeal, 
cracked wheat, graham bread and mush, rice, and sago, 
and foods containing starch and sugar; baked sweet 
apples, and other sweet fruits and berries, roasted and 
broiled beef, cheese, peas, and beans, and rich, nutritious 
fruit cake. Dismiss all anxious thoughts and care when 
you sit down to a meal; be thankful and be in charity 
with all men. Eat very slowly and masticate thoroughly. 
Rest an hour after dinner. Cultivate jolly people, and 
bathe daily.— Mrs. F. L. Gillet, Chicago, J. H. Ayers, 
A. M. and M. D. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 88 

Liniment. — Mexican Mustang Liniment: Take two 
fluid ounces petroleum, 1 fluid ounce ammonia water, 
and 1 fluid drachm brandy. Mix. 

Wonderful Ointment. --The following liniment is 
good for all sprains, bruises, lameness, etc. Take one 
pint of 95 per cent, alcohol, and add to it the following- 
oil of sassafras, balsam of fir, chloroform, of each one- 
fourth ounce; oil of spike, origanum, hemlock, wormwood, 
of each one ounce; sweet oil 2 ounces; spirits of 
ammonia, gum camphor, spirits turpentine, of each 1 
ounce. This is an unequalled horse liniment, and by 
omitting the turpentine, it constitutes one of the best 
liniments ever made for human ailments such as rheu- 
matism, headache, neuralgia burns, etc. Where the 
pane is internal a few drops can be taken on a lump of 
sugar. — Dick's Encyclopedia. 

Lime Water.— A Friend to Everyone: So invalu- 
able for all ages, is simply made from 2 ounces of 
builder's unslacked lime to each quart of boiling water. 
On this after standing all night, a scum will appear, 
which throw off and decant the clear water for use. One 
tablespoonful to be taken in half a teacup of milk, in a 
morning — ill or well — according to desire, which adds to 
health — and the best of health even from an infant to an 
adult, or extreme age. Try it. — Edwin Eray, London, 
England. 

Lemons. — Last Use of: "If you ever use lemons," 
remarked one housewife to a lady friend, "and have a 
portion of one left over, be sure you do not throw it 
away." "I am never without them in the house as I 
always use them for flavoring; but of what use are 
pieces?" "Just this, the next time you think you have 



84 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

done with a lemon, just dip it in fine salt, and rub your 
copper and brass kettles and stewpans with it, and rub 
the articles instantly with a dry, soft cloth. Every stain 
dissappears as if by magic, leaving a brilliant surface." 
Exchange, 18Q5. 

Learn the Pulse. — Every intelligent person should 
know how to ascertain the state of the pulse in health; 
then by comparing it with what it is when he is ailing, 
he may have some idea of the urgency of his case. An 
infant's pulse is one hundred and forty; a child of seven, 
about eighty; and from twenty to sixty years it is 
seventy beats a minute, declining to sixty at four score. 
A healthful grown person's pulse beats seventy times in 
a minute; there may be good health down to sixty; but 
if the pulse always exceeds seventy there is a disease: 
the machine is working itself out, there is a fever or 
inflammation somewhere, and the body is feeding on 
itself; as in consumption, when the pulse is quick, that 
is, over seventy, gradually increasing with decreased 
chances of cure, until it reaches one hundred and ten 
or twenty, when death comes before many days. When 
the pulse is over seventy for months, and there is a 
slight cough, the lungs are affected. — Zion's Borne 
Monthly, 1894, H. W. Naisbitt, Editor. 

Liver Complaint and Fever. — Buttermilk is good, 

especially in fever, as an article of diet. A cup of fresh 
buttermilk, two or three times a day is a sure cure for 
liver complaint. Buttermilk is much easier to digest 
than new milk.' — Prof. H. S. Burt, New York. 

La Grippe Cure. — No. 1. Four grain pill of asa- 
foetida, one pill four ties a day on empty stomach. — 
Exchange. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 85 

No. 2. Asafoetida pills will cure la grippe. Dose, 
two small pills on going to bed, with a good hot brandy 
sling. — Mrs. Anna Thompson, South Cottonwood. 

Lawn— HOW to Set the Color in.— Dissolve one- 
fourth pond saltpeter in three pailsfull of water and dip 
the lawn in it several times before washing. — Edison's 
Encyclopedia. 

Lemon Sugar. — Formula: Take one ounce crystal- 
ized citric or tartaric acid, rub it fine, and mix thor- 
oughly with one pound of dry pulverized white sugar, 
put in a single drop of oil of lemon peel to flavor it, and 
mix well; preserve in closely stoppered bottles for 
future use. Used as a substitute for lemons in making 
summer drinks, lemon pies, etc. In making lemonade, 
the addition of a very little bicarbonate of potash to 
each tumblerfull just before drinking will give a whole- 
some, refreshing, effervesing drink. — British and Colofiial 
Druggist. 

For making lemonade, one pound of citric or tar- 
taric acid is equal to twenty dozen lemons, a saving to 
the housewife, in comparison to the use of lemons, of 
some 500 or 600 per cent. — Scientific American Cyclopaedia 

Massage Cures. — Should a person or child tumble 
down and limbs or back be hurt, nothing one can apply 
will as quickly prevent coagulation of blood or soreness 
as instant massage. The why and wherefore is quite 
simple, yet wise. The blood is congested as the skin is 
struck, especially in soft, boneless places of the body. 
The clots prevent newer and better blood passing into 
the bruised veins, and the transparent skin reveals the 
dark condition. Manipulation of this skin by the fin- 



86 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

gers presses the fresh blood into the bruised places; it 
loosens the clotted blood and carries it off, thus restor- 
ing a normal circulation. This remedy is so simple that 
it will possibly be forgotten, but it is a rather good bit 
of wisdom to keep stored away for times of emergency. 
Many physicians are applying massage for fractures, and 
especially foi sprains. Also nothing is so effective for 
a sprained ankle. The patient should, if possible, rub 
the joint of the ankle all the time, and have massage 
delivered by others four or six times a day. Not only 
is the cure as speedy as under other doctoring, but also 
the constant relief afforded to the soreness reacts on the 
nervous system. The same method applies to a 
sprained wrist or shoulder, and it is excellent in case of 
a sprained back. — Professional Friend, Boston Globe, Nov., 
1894. 

Measles. — Measles are carried safely over by the free 
use of lemon or saffron water, sweetened to taste. 

Milk, Hot. — A glass of hot milk, taken in small sips 
when one is fatigued is very refreshing and strengthen- 
ing. Toasted bread and milk is good for supper. — 
Dr. Chase. 

Mice. — Gather any kind of mint and scatter about 
your shelves or places infested, and they will forsake the 
premises. — £. A. Cyclopaedia. 

Nutritive Value of Different Kinds of Food for 
Farm Stock. — Per cent. : 

FLESH FAT TOTAL 

PRODUCING PRODUCING PER CENT. 
NUTRITION 

Turnips 1 5 7 

Rutabagas 1 7 9 

Carrots 1 7 10 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 



87 



FLESH FAT TOTAL 

PRODUCING PRODUCING PER CENT, 
NUTRITION 

8 12 



Mangels 2 8 

Straw 3 16 

Potatoes 3 17 23 

Brewer's grains 7 18 27 

Hay (early cut) 8 51 64 

Rye 11 74 88 

Oats 12 63 80 

Corn 12 53 80 

Wheat and Barley 12 Qe 83 

Beans, (Field) 22 46 74 

Peas 22 61 89 

Bran and coarse millstuff-. 31 54 90 

Linseed cake 28 56 90 

Linseed 30 60 95 

"The above table was made up from the experiments 
and analysis of the most eminent agricultural chemists 
and English feeders."— ZV. Chase. 

Night Sweats.— To Arrest Night Sweats: No. 1. 
Salt water, sponge bath at night. 

Sponge Bath— No. 2. Alcohol 1 part, water 2 
parts. — Dr. Kellog. 

Nipples Sore. -The best thing for sore nipples is 
to bathe them frequenly in a weak solution of burnt alum 
in water. No ointment to be used.— Fray's Golden 
Receipes. 

Neuralgia.— A Cure for Neuralgia: No. 1. Neu- 
ralgia, that arch enemy of womankind, is the com- 
bined result of nervousness and cold; therefore expose 
yourself as little as possible and keep your nervous 
system well in hand. But when the ounce of prevention 



88 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

has failed to ward off the attack it is well to know what 
to do. The remedy which I have found the most effica- 
cious which is attended by no evil consequences, is to 
apply cotton batting dipped in white of egg and covered 
thickly with black pepper; the thicker the better; to the 
aching part, tying it securely with a large handkerchief. 
It will not afford instant relief, but one feels the benefit 
of the counter irritant very soon, and befoie long, if 
patient, the neuralgia is a thing of the past.- -People's 
Home Journal, Aug., 1894. 

No. 2. For this distressing malady there is a very 
simple and efficient remedy. We have tried it with uni- 
form success. It is this: Get a piece of the common sal 
ammoniac, and every hour or so bite off a piece as big 
as a pea and swallow it. If more convenient wash it 
down with water, or dissolve half a drachm of the sal 
ammoniac in an ounce of water, and take a tablespoonful 
every three minutes or so. An overdose can do no harm. 
In from one to three hours relief will be obtained in four- 
fifths of the cases. — Vox Populi. 

No. 3. The simplest and best remedy for neuralgia 
is to wear well pounded brimstone on the sole of the 
foot contrary to the pain side; or, cayenne, sprinkled on 
hot flannels afford instant relief; or very hot hops applied 
in a bag. Try it.— Fray's Golden Receips. 

Oatmeal Cheap. — Buy good sound plump white 
oates, grind, and sift out the meal for use. — Local Item. 
Editor. 

Oatmeal.— Liebig had shown that oatmeal is almost 
as nutritious as the very best beef, and that it is richer 
than wheaten bread in the elements that go to form bone 
and muscle. — Dr. Chase. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 89 

Oatmeal to Cook in an Earthen op Stone Jar.— To 

■one cup of coarse oatmeal, add one quart of cold water, 
in a stone jar; set it in a kettle of boiling water and boil 
one hour; do not stir it. Serve with sugar and cream. 
— Alice Kimball, Win-field, Iowa. 

Onions. — How to Remove the Smell of Onions 
From the Breath: Parsley eaten with vinegar will re- 
move the unpleasant effects of eating onions. — Edison's 
Encyclopcedia. 

Onions. — Onions sliced and placed in a sickroom, 
as a disinfectant have no equal. — Dick's Encyclopedia. 

PillOWS. — The most wholesome pillow is made from 
cuts of unprinted paper. 

Pimples. -Pimples are often caused by excessive 
eating or drinking, which the liver objects too; every 
blotch or pimple speedily disappears by taking a little 
flour of sulphur before breakfast. — E. F. 

Pneumonia. — Pneumonia may be cured by the appli- 
cation of linseed poultices to the chest and back. In 
severe cases add a few drops of olive oil and turpentine. 
— Mrs. fames Sterling, gth Ward, City. 

Public Speakers and Singers. — Borax is an excel- 
lent remedy for hoarseness or loss of voice, common 
among public speakers and singers. A few minutes 
before exercising the vocal organs, dissolve a small lump 
of borax in the mouth and gradually swallow the 
solution. This acts upon the orifice of the glottis and 
the vocal cords precisely as "wetting" acts upon the 
notes of the flute. — Techno Chemical Receipt Book. 



90 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

Pills Of Great Value. — The best pills in use are 
made from equal parts of bitter aloes, Turkish rhubarb, 
and senna leaves, dried in the oven and rubbed to 
powder; these to be mixed in a little whiskey to form a 
paste. — E. Fray. 

Pills.— Rhubarb in No. 60 powder 200 grains. Puri- 
fied aloes in fine powder 150 grains. Gum Myrrh in 
fine powder 100 grains. Oil of peppermint 10 grains. 
To make 100 pills. Beat them together with water so 
as to form a mass, and divide it into 100 pills. Dose 
from 2 to 4 pills twice a day. — U. S. Dispensatory. 

Poison Ivy.— Grows in woods, fields, and along 
fences from Canada to Georgia. It flowers in June 
and July. When wounded it emits a milky juice 
which becomes black on exposure to the air, and leaves 
upon linen and other cloth a stain which cannot be 
removed by washing with soap and water. The sus- 
ceptibility to the" influence of the poison is various; 
some persons handle the plant with impunity, while 
others are much affected with the poison, and suffer 
severely for many days, being scarcely able to move. 
The swelling of the face is sometimes so great as to 
almost entirely obliterate the features. The poison 
produces itching, redness, a sense of burning, etc. The 
effects are experienced soon after exposure, and usually 
begins to decline within a week. A light cooling 
regimen, simple diet, with saline purgatives, and the 
local use of cold lead water, are the best remedies. Alka- 
line applications are good. According to the late Prof. 
Proctor, who was himself very susceptible to this poison, 
a weak alkaline solution, applied immediately after 
exposure seldom fails to. prevent the effects of the poison. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 91 

Dr. A. Livezly, of Lumberville, Pa., strongly recom- 
mends a saturated tincture of lobelia, as a local appli- 
cation in this affection. He applies it by means of 
linen or muslin cloth. 

Dr. A. C. Canfield, of California, has found an 
invariable antidote to the effects of Poison Ivy in the 
plant grindelia hirsutula, applied to the part either sim- 
ply bruised or in the form of a strong decoction. 

Note —The common yard plantain will answer the same purpose. — Dr. 
Gunn. 

Cold lead water, (acitate of lead), is sometimes 
used — U. S. Dispensatory, New Edition. 

Piles.— Simple Remedy for Piles: Take fresh, 
white pine pitch — balsom — in pills from 4 to 6 a day for 
a month and bathe parts in cold water often. A very 
obstinate case of piles was cured by this treatment. 

External Remedy for Piles. — Boil some of the 
inner bark of white oak in water, and strain; evaporate 
to a thick extract. To one half pint of this extract, add 
one half pint of oil rendered from old, strong bacon. 
Simmer together till mixed and let it cool. Apply 
inside the rectum every night until cured. — Dick's 
Encyclopedia. 

Perspiration. — To Produce Perspiration: Hore- 
hound, yarrow and catnip tea. Dose one tablespoonfal 
or more every half hour. — Herbalist. 

Poultry Points.— At the Experiment Station at Cal- 
houn, Ala., they have made a four-year's test of several 
breeds for egg production and for general purpose fowl. 
Last year (1894) the Plymouths led in number of eggs 
produced, closely followed by Brown Leghorns, Ham- 



92 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

burgs and Langshans. The year previous (1893) the 
Leghorns led. The European breeds are all great spring 
and summer layers, are small and non sitters. It is 
pretty well established that the Leghorns are the best 
egg producers of all the breeds. The Asiatics are gen- 
erally good winter and early spring layers, and make ex- 
elent mothers and are good table fowls. The Langshans 
stand at the head of the list, and are regarded as one of 
the best general purpose fowls. The Plymouth Rocks 
are also good winter and spring layers and make excellent 
mothers. They are hardy, of quick growth, and good 
table fowls. Of the breeds mentioned the Langshans 
and Plymouth Rocks are considered the best general 
purpose fowls, the Leghorns and Hamburgs the best egg 
producers. 

Such are the conclusions reached after several years' 
experience, the hens being confined during the time in 
small pens, and fed only on vegetable products raised 
on the farm. Were a wide range possible for them the 
result might be different. 

Rheumatism. — Those persons afflicted with rheu- 
matics, should try, perseveringly, some one or more of 
the following simple methods of conquering this terrible 
malady: Bathe in, and drink freely of the Hot Springs 
water. Sun baths are also highly recommended. Be 
temperate in eating and drinking, as "rheumatism and 
gout are near of kin." Keep the bowels regular, using 
buttermilk as a beverage, and wear flannel next to the 
skin, winter and summer. Manual exercise, sufficient 
to cause copious perspiration, will often give relief. 
Care being taken not to take cold. Some have found re- 
lief by bathing often in the briny waters of the Great 
Salt Lake. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 93 



In case the foregoing method does not bring to the 
patient the desired relief, the following treatment may 
be adopted:— Editor. 

Rheumatism Cured Without Drugs.— Linseed Poul- 
tice, How to Make: Boil from six to eight large on- 
ions' for one hour. Take the hot liquid and mix with 
linseed meal for poultice. When the poultice is ready, 
cover the face of it with white mosquito bar or chees- 
cloth, dipped in hot olive oil, and apply to the joints or 
parts affected, as hot as they can bear. Wrap extra 
cloths, cotton or linen, around the poultice to keep in 
the steam and heat. Change poultice every fifteen or 
twenty minutes. Should pain move follow it up with 
the poultice. 

In very severe cases, a poultice can be made as 
follows to alternate with the onion juice poultice: — 
Mix one pint of linseed meal with one tablespoonful of 
turpentine. A permanent cure should be effected by the 
use of from three to seven poultices, or in less than 
one half day. Avoid drafts and taking cold. 

After poulticing, the following linament may be 
used:— The whites of two eggs beaten up with olive oil. 
Mrs. James Sterling, City. 

Celery as a Cure for Rheumatism.— New discov- 
eries— or what claim to be discoveries— of the healing 
virtues of plants are continually making. One of the 
latest is that celery is a cure for rheumatism; indeed it 
is asserted that the disease is impossible if the vegetable 
be cooked and freely eaten. The fact that it is almost 
always put on the table raw prevents its therapeutic 
powers from becoming known. The celery should be 
cut into bits, boiled in watei until soft, and the water 



94 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

drank by the patient. Put new milk, with a little flour 
and nutmeg, into a saucepan with the boiled celery, 
serve it warm with pieces of toast, eat with potatoes 
and the painful ailment will soon yield. Such is the de- 
claration of a physician who has again and again tried 
the experiment, and with uniform success. He adds 
that cold or damp never produces, but simply develops, 
the disease, of which acid blood is the primary and sus- 
taining cause, and that while the blood is alkaline there 
can be neither rheumatism nor gout. English statistics 
show that in one year (1876) three thousand six hundred 
and forty persons died of rheumatism, and every case, it 
is claimed, might have been cured or prevented by the 
adoption of the remedy mentioned. At least two-thirds 
of the cases named heart disease are ascribed to rheu- 
matism and its antagonizing ally, gout. Small-pox, so 
much dreaded, is not half so destructive as rheumatism, 
which, it is maintained by many physicians, can be pre- 
vented by obeying nature's laws in diet. But if you 
have incurred it, boiled celery is pronounced unhesitat- 
ingly to be a specific. — New York Times, 1894. 

Roots. — How to reat Frozen Roots: Potatoes, 
beets and other roots which haye been frozen, may be 
restored to their normal condition by immersing in cold 
water until the frost is all out. I have recently tested 
this method with sugar beets and mangels with satis- 
factory results. — Samuel Edwards, III., American Agri- 
culturist, Feb. 9, 1893. 

Save a Little. — Every man who is oblighed to work 
for his living, should make a point to lay up a little 
money for that "rainy day" which we are all liable to 
encounter when least expected. The best way to do 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 95 

this is to open an account with a savings bank. Ac- 
cumulated money is always safe, is always ready to use 
when needed. Scrape together five dollars, make your 
deposit, receive your bank book, and then resolve to 
deposit a given sum, small though it be, once a month, 
or once a week, according to circumstances. Nobody 
knows, without trying it, how easy a thing it is to save 
money, when an account with a bank has been opened. 
With such an account a man feels a desire to enlarge 
his deposit. It gives him lessons in frugality and econ- 
omy, weans him from habits of extravagance and is the 
very best guard in the world against intemperance, dis- 
sipation and vice. — Edison's Encyclopedia. 

Spending 5 Money.— Never buy an article because it 
is cheap. Pay cash for everything, and pay as you go, 
and if possible buy at wholesale rates, and insist upon 
having good measure and good weight. The credit sys- 
tem should be abolished, as it gives licence to rogues- - 
it is ruinous to seller and buyer. — Editor. 

Sarsaparilla. — Ayer's Sarsaparilla: Fluid ex- 
tract of Jamaica sarsaparilla, 3 ounces; fluid extract 
stillingia, 3 ounces; fluid extract yellow dock, 2 ounces, 
fluid extract may apple, 2 ounces; sugar, 1 ounce; 
iodide of potassium, 90 grains; iodide of iron, 10 grains. 
Mix, bottle, and cork tightly. — Ex. 

Summer Drink. — Lemon juice, cold water, sugar 
and cream of tartar, make an exceedingly wholesome 
summer drink. The use of cloves stays the craving for 
strong drink. Which use according to desire. — Prof. E. 
Eray, London, Eng. 

Sugar. - Save Your Sugar. — All housekeepers should 
know that sugar boiled with an acid, if it be but three 



96 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

minutes, will be converted into glucose, which is the 
form of sugar found in apples. One pound of sugar has 
as much sweetening power as two and one- fourth pouuds 
of glucose; in other words, one pound of sugar stirred 
into the fruit after it is cooked and while yet warm, witf 
make the fruit as sweet as two and ofie-fourth pounds 
added while the fruit is boiling. — Late Edition Farm and 
Household Cyclopcedia. 

Note. — Dr. Kedzie, a noted German chemist, says 
"one half the sugar is lost by boiling in fruit." 

Summer Complaint.— Camphor, laudanum and olive 
oil, equal parts. Dose: One teaspoonful two or three 
times a day. — Mrs Pellinda P. Musser. 

Stimulant. — Beat up an egg and add milk and a little 
brandy. — Dr. Anderson. 

Sun Cholera Cure. — Tincture of laudanum, tincture 
of capsicum, essence of peppermint and spirits of cam- 
phor, equal parts. Dose: A teaspoonful after each 
evacuation of the bowels. — N. Y. Sun. 

Small POX Cure.— Edward Hine, in "Liverpool 
Mercury." The worst case of small pox cured in three 
days: one ounce of cream of tartar dissolved in a pint 
of water, drank at intervals, when cold, is a certain never- 
failing remedy. It has cured thousands; never leaves a 
mark, never causes blindness, and avoids tedious linger- 
ing. — Boston Post. 

Sponge Bath. — At times a sponge bath may be taken 
to advantage. It requires but few appliances, but 
little preparation, and can be taken quickly, and with 
but little expense. It is also healthy and invigor- 
ating Alcohol one part, water two parts. Sponge the 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 97 

bod}' off quickly and rub down with a moderately coarse 
towel, until the skin is all in a glow. — Ex. 

Sleep. — Why do physicians recommend their patients 
to sleep on beds standing north and south? That the 
current of magnetism constantly passing around the earth 
from south to north may pass through the body in a 
lengthwise direction. It has been found that a class of 
nervous invalids lying with their heads east and west, 
will become restless and uneasy for no apparent cause, 
and their sleep will be unrefreshing, and of short dura- 
tion: changing the position so that the head shall be 
towards the north or south, and the patient becomes 
quiet and restful, and the sleep sound and refreshing. 
— /. H. Ayers, A. M., M. D. 

Note. — The French Academy of Science claim to 
have proven the above theory to be correct; but recom- 
mend to sleep with the head to the north. — Ed. 

Sleep as a Medicine. — A physician says the cry for 
rest (sleep) has always been louder than the cry for food. 
Not that it is more important, but that it is often harder 
to obtain. The best rest comes from sound sleep. Of 
two men and women, otherwise equal, the one who 
sleeps the best will be the most moral, healthy and effi- 
cent. Sleep will do much to cure irritability of temper, 
peevishness and uneasiness. It will restore to vigor an 
overworked brain. It will build up and make strong a 
weary body. It will cure a head-ache. It will cure a 
broken spririt. It will cure sorrow. Indeed we might 
make a long list of nervous and other maladies that 
sleep will cure. The cure of sleeplessness requires a 
clean, good bed, sufficent exercise to produce weariness, 
pleasant occupation, good air and avoidance of stimu- 

7 



98 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

lants and narcotics. For those who are overworked, 
haggard, nervous , and who pass sleepless nights, we 
recommend the adoption of such habits as shall secure 
sleep, otherwise life will be short and what there is of 
it sadly imperfect. — Dr. Chase. 

Sleep. — An easy mind, a good digestion and plenty 
of exercise in the open air, (after supper walk a mile) 
are the grand conducives to sound sleep. 

A pillow stuffed with hops, it is said, will induce 
sleep when other things fail. — Dr. Gunn. 

No. 2. One hours sleep, before midnight is worth 
three after. Early risers are long livers. — Cray's Golden 
Recipes. 

Sleep. — I hold that one hour's sleep before mid- 
night is equal in its beneficial effects upon the body to 
two hours after midnight. I am not quite sure but that 
the proportion is even greater. 

My reason for this statement is my own experience 
in the first place. 

There are many theories in support of this fact, 
which may be merely hypothetical, however. 

The fact remains that it is true. — Dr. Karl G. Mceser, 
Constitutional Convention, City Hall, March II, 1895. 

Sleeplessness.— Sleepless nights are prevented by 
eating a few grapes before going to bed, or by taking 
a teaspoonful of magnesia in a wineglass of water. 
— E. Fray. 

Shoes. — To make the soles of shoes last longer 
than the uppers: Apply two coats of copal varnish every 
two or three months. — Ex. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 99 

Sunshine. — Equally important with pure air in 
living apartments is sunshine. It carries with it rad- 
iance and cheer and vigor and good health. It is a puri- 
fier, warding off mold, moisture, gloom, depression and 
disease. It should be admitted to every apartment of 
the house, and made welcome at all times. It is a strong 
preventative to the disorders that visit shaded and musty 
places. It brings health and happiness that cannot be 
obtained from any other source. It is nature's own 
health-giving agent, and nothing can be substituted for 
it. It has no artificial counterpart. It does not only 
touch the physical body, but it reaches the mind and 
soul and purifies the whole existence of man. It may 
fade a carpet or upholstery, but it will bring color to the 
cheek, light to the eye, and elasticity to the step. The 
closed and shaded window may throw a richness of color 
upon the room, but it will bring paleness and feebleness 
to the occupants. This health agent is free to all, easily 
obtained, and one of the most economic health preservers 
we have, and ready to impart its efficacy to the rise of 
the curtain. — ZiotC s Home Monthly, Aug., 1894, H. W. 
Naisbitt, Editor. 

Simple Cure for Hiccough.— All you have to do is 

to lie down, stretch your head back as far as possible, 
open your mouth widely, then hold two fingers above the 
head, well back, so that you have to strain the eyes to 
see them, gaze intently upon them, and take long, full 
breaths. In a short time you will be relieved of that 
troublesome hiccough. A case of six months standing 
has been cured by this treatment in a few minutes. — The 
Household, Boston, Jan., 1895. 

Salve — Ointment. — The best ointment is made from 



100 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

good, thick cream, buried a day or two in a cloth in the 
garden. — E. Fay, London, Eng. 

Salve — Family Salve. — Take the roots of yellow 
dock, dandelion and plantain, steep, strain and simmer 
the liquid with sweet cream, or fresh butter and mutton 
tallow, or sweet oil and mutton tallow. Simmer to- 
gether until no appearance of the liquid remains. Be- 
fore it is quite cold add a few drops of otto of rose, and 
put it into boxes. This is one of the most soothing and 
healing preparations for burns, scalds, cuts, and sores 
of every description. — Dick's Encyclopedia. 

Rose Lip Salve. — Four ounces sweet almond, two 
ounces mutton suet, one-quarter ounce white wax, one 
ounce spermaciti, ten drops otto of rose. Melt the suet, 
wax and spermaciti together, then add the other ingred- 
ients. Good also for chapped hands, etc. — Guide tor the 
Million. 

Sand Bag 1 . — The sand bag is invaluable in the sick 
room. Get some clean, fine sand, dry it in a kettle on 
the stove. Make a bag eight inches square, ot flannel, 
fill it with dry sand, sew the openings together, and 
cover the bag with cotton or linen. This will prevent 
the sand from sifting out, and will enable you to heat the 
bag quickly by placing it in the oven. After once using 
this yoa will never again attempt to warm the feet of a 
sick person with bottles of hot water or bricks. The 
sand holds the heat a long time. — Zion's Home Monthly, 

April, 1894, H. W. Naisbitt, Editor. 

* 

Sick Room. — On visiting a sick room chew a little 
ginger, which prevents contagion. 

To keep the air in a sick room very pure, wet a 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 101 

cloth in lime water and hang it in the room, or rooms, 
all over. — New York Medical Journal. 

Barley Water. — No. 1. This is often most valu- 
able during sickness, in rendering milk assimiable. 
Place in a granite kettle four tablespoonfuls of pearled 
barley, cover with two quarts of boiling water, boil five 
minutes and drain. Cover the barley with two quarts of 
freshly boiled water, cover the vessel and let it simmer 
gently about two hours, or until reduced to one quart. 
Strain. One quart of barley water to be used with two 
quarts of milk. In this connection an authority asserts 
with positiveness that typhoid fever, rheumatism, gout, 
and diabetes were absolutely curable without medicine. 
■ — Zion's Nome Monthly, H. W. Naisbitt, Editor. 

No 2. — Boil two ounces barley in two quarts of 
water till soft; pearl barley is the best, but the common 
barley answers very well. When soft, strain, and 
sweeten for use. — Ex. 

Spring" and Fall Medicine.— For catarrh, colds, 
croup, kidneys, etc., gather in the fall, when matured, 
the small pitch pine buds, and make into a syrup. Bot- 
tle for use. "Best thing on earth." — B. Pettit, City. 

Sweet Breath. — Strawberries and raspberries make 
the breath sweet and agreeable, and removes all tartar 
from the teeth. — E. F. 

Sight Dim. — For dim sight bathe the eyes with 
equal parts of vinegar, brandy and cold water. --Fray's 
Golden Recipes. 

Stout Persons — Should refrain from eating swine's 
flesh, or much bread, and from the use of tea and coffee 
and spirituous liquors. From twenty to thirty crushed 



102 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

nettle seeds, taken night and morning daily, is the best 
remedy for stout people, which will prevent burdensome 
fat surrounding the kidneys and stopping the heart. 
Tried with good results. — Fray's Golden Recipes. 

Snake Bites. — Sweet oil, taken internally and ap- 
plied externally is good foi the bites of reptiles, scorp- 
ions and insects. The common yard plantain, bruised 
and applied to the parts affected is very good. — Dr. 
Gunn. 

Soap — Hard Soap. — Sal soda, six pounds; Un- 
slacked lime, four pounds; soft water, twenty-four quarts. 
Put all on the fire and boil, then set off and let settle. 
Drain off, and put over the fire with six pounds of clear 
grease and one-half pound rosin. Boil until it begins 
to thicken; throw in two handfuls of salt, or less. Pour 
into tub that water has stood in. When cold, cut and 
put where it can dry. This is a first-class soap. Will 
last a family of five persons one year. — National and 
Farmers' 1 Cyclopaedia. 

Potash or Soft Soap. — Sal soda, one and one-half 
pounds; bar soap, two pounds, cut into small pieces; 
put them into a stone jar on the back of the stove, 
when not very hot, and pour over it a pailful of cold 
water; stir it once in a while, and after some hours, 
when thoroughly dissolved, but it away to cool. Flavor 
or scent with one-half ounce oil of sassafras. It forms 
a sort of jelly, and is excellent for all household pur- 
poses. —Dr. Chase. 

Potash or Soft Soap. — From its cheapness, strength 
and superior solubility and cleansing properties, is pre- 
ferred for many purposes, particularly for woolens and 
blankets. — Watts Chem. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 



103 



Toilet Soap. — Beef tallow, two pounds; sal soda, 
two pounds: fine salt, one pound; one ounce gum cam- 
phor; one ounce oil of bergamot; one ounce of borax. 
Boil slowly one hour and stir often. Let stand till cold, 
then warm it over, so it will run easily and turn into 
molds dipped in cold water. This is very nice for all 
toilet purposes, and is greatly improved by age.- Na- 
tional and Farmers' Household Cyclopedia. 

Castile Soap.— No. 1. Olive oil, seven pounds; 
soda, one and one-quarter pounds; water sufficient. The 
soda must be rendered caustic before adding it to the 
oil, and heat then applied. An easy way of preparing 
the soda is to treat it in solution with powdered quick- 
lime, equal parts. If desired, it may be mottled by add- 
ing a solution of sulphate of iron while in the liquid 
state. 

No. 2. Boil common soft soap in lamp oil three 
and one-half hours. Perfume with essence of bergamot 
and oil of cloves. — Ex. 

Sparrows.— The destructive sparrows and other 
birds. How to capture and exterminate: Soak a pint of 
wheat, or wheat screenings, in diluted whiskey or alcohol 
for some hours, till soft, then dust over it a little pulver- 
ised sugar or flour, and place the same where the birds 
can have free access to it. Watch close, and when the 
pests become stupified with their alcoholic meal, capture 
and cage them. When sobered up, they may be made 
to pay for their keep by converting them into a pot pie. 
Fine sport for the boys Try it. Snow birds, and black 
birds especially, make a toothsome dish.— Editor. 

Soot Preventative.— By putting a handful of coarse 
salt on a coal fire, in the morning, now and again, when 



104 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

first made up, there will be but little annoyance from 
foul smoke or soot, as it acts chemically on the smoke 
and soot, which is quickly consumed. 

Some prefer to saturate the coal, as they use it, 
with a strong brine, six or eight tablespoonfuls of salt 
to a gallon of water. Tested. — Editor. 

Stove Blacking". — Formula: Mix two parts of black 
lead; four parts coperas and two parts of bone black 
with water, so as to form a creamy paste. This is an 
excellent polish, as the coperas produces a jet black 
enamel, causing the black lead to adhere to the iron. — 
Scientific American Cyclopedia. 

Stove Pipe. — No. 1. To clean out a stove pipe or 
chimney, place a little scrap zinc on the live coals in the 
stove. The vapor produced by the zinc will carry off the 
soot by chemical decomposition. Bits of rubber hose 
will also answer the same purpose. — Scannel Receipt Book. 

No 2. Stove Pipe and Chimney Cleaner. — Cheap 
and effective. How to proceed: During wet weather, or 
just after a storm, having taken every precaution against 
fire and accident, take a good bunch of old newspapers 
and place them in the throttle of the stove or chimney 
and apply a match. If not entirely satisfactory, add a 
little coal oil to the newspaper and repeat. — Editor. 

Tar, the Various Uses Of. — Poultry raisers, says 
C. W. Norris in the Epito?nist, seem to have failed to 
learn the value of tar. It is valuable in many ways. 
I am led to believe that to tar the fence around the 
poultry-house, instead of whitewashing, will be much 
better. It will contribute largely to the durability of the 
wood, protecting it from storm and time. It is in the 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 105 

poultry-house that the value of tar is the greatest, for it 
conduces greatly towards healthfulness. When cholera 
makes its appearance, we would advise, first, a thorough 
cleaning of the house, next, an application of tar on all 
joints, cracks and crevices in the inside of the building, 
and then plenty of fresh whitewash properly applied. 
The tar absorbs or drives away the taint of disease, and 
makes the premises wholesome. The smell is not offen- 
sive, in tact many people like it, and it is directly 
opposite to unhealthy. To vermin, lice, etc., the smell 
of tar is very repulsive, and but few will remain after 
you have tarred the house. A neighbor of ours was 
once troubled with chicken cholera, and by adopting 
the above, in connection with removing affected fowls, 
he soon put a stop to its ravages. A small lump of 
tar in the drinking water supplied to fowls will be 
found beneficial. It is also very beneficial to the human 
system, in case of consumption, bronchitis and severe 
colds. — Ex. 

Toothache, to Cure.— Take equal parts burnt alum 
and salt. Saturate a piece of cotton, cover with the mix- 
ture, and put in the tooth. Or saturate a small bit of 
clean cotton with a strong solution of ammonia and ap- 
ply to the affected tooth. Immediate relief will be ex- 
perienced. — Moor's One Millio?i Facts. 

Toothache and Neuralgia Cure. — Clean cotton, 
saturated in a strong solution of ammonia. — Dr.. Pierce. 

Tooth Powders. — The best tooth powder is burnt 
bread rolled to dust. — E. Fray. 

Toothache Jumping. — Hot, dry flannels applied to 
the face and neck is a sure remedy for jumping tooth- 
ache. — E. F. 



106 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

Teeth, to Clean. — Make charcoal of bread, pulver- 
ize it to a fine powder. Apply daily, morning and eve- 
ning, with a soft brush and pure cold water. This will 
keep the teeth white, and cure diseases of the gums. — 
Dr. O. Phelps Brown, Herbalist. 

Teeth — White. — To have teeth very white, clean 
them with finely powdered charcoal, mixed with honey. 
—E. F. 

Tea, Ground Tea. — A French chemist asserts that 
if tea be ground like coffee before hot water is poured 
upon it, it will yield nearly double the amount of its 
exhilirating qualities. By placing a few rose leaves in 
the tea-cansister a fine flavor will be imparted to the tea. 
— Dick 's Encyclopozdia. 

Tomatoes. — How to prolong the season of fruiting: 
Just before frost, pull up the vines by the roots, and 
throw them into heaps, or, if convenient, under open 
sheds, when 'they will ripen up for some ten or twelve 
days. — Ex. 

Tomato Catsup. — Formula: One-half peck tomatoes. 
Wash and slice them. Put them in preserving kettle 
and let them stew gently until quite soft, but do not stir 
them. Strain juice through a seive and put back into 
the kettle. Add twenty-four cloves, one-half ounce 
alspice, one-half ounce mace. Salt and cayenne to taste. 
Boil down to one-half the original quantity. The next 
day strain out the spice, and to every pint of juice add 
one-half gill vinegar. Bottle and cork tightly. — Scientific 
American Cyclopcedia. 

The Hunter's Secret.— To catch game, such as 
mink, musk-rats, weasels, racoons, otter, etc. Take one 
ounce of valerian, one-quarter ounce of commercial musk, 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 107 

one pint of whiskey. Mix all ^together, and let stand 
tor two weeks. Put a few drops on your bait. 

Things to Try. — Try popcorn for nausea. 

Try cranberries for malaria. 

Try a sun-bath for rheumatism. 

Try ginger ale for stomach cramps. 

Try clam broth for a weak stomach. 

Try cranberry poultice for erysipelas. 

Try a wet towel to the back of the neck when 
sleepless. 

Try eating fresh radishes and yellow turnips for 
gravel. 

Try eating onions and horse radishes to relieve drops- 
ical swellings. 

Try buttermilk for removal of freckles and tan. 

Try hard cider — a wine-glass three times a day — for 
ague and rheumatism. 

Try breathing the fumes of turpentine or carbolic 
acid to remove whooping cough. 

Try a cloth wrung out from cold water put about the 
neck at night for sore throat and croup. 

Try snuffing powdered borax up the nostrils for ca- 
tarrhal "cold in the head." 

Try walking with your hands behind you if you find 
yourself becoming bent forward. 

Try a silk handkerchief over the face when obliged 
to go against a cold piercing wind. 

Try planting sunflowers in your garden if compelled 
to live in a malarial district. — Canadian Star Almanac. 

To Boil OP Not to Boil.— A good rule for boiling 
is the following: Fresh meats, fresh poultry, fresh fish, 
all alike, should be plunged into as much boiling water 



108 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

as will cover them. Boil quickly three or four minutes, 
in the case of meat, fish, one minute; then draw the 
kettle back, add a little cold water to reduce the heat 
and keep it covered and let the contents simmer only 
until done. The quick boiling "sets" the surface of the 
meat, which keeps in the flavor and goodness when the 
inner portion is gently cooked until done; this is all the 
boiling needed. When really boiled, fresh meat is tough 
and flavorless, so that to boil meat successfully it should 
not be boiled at all. Fresh meat should be put into 
boiling water, and salt meat into cold, is another rule 
worth remembering. Add salt and pepper when about 
done. If added at first, the juices will be drawn out of 
the meat into the soup. — New York Tribune, Nov., 1894. 

Table for Boiling' Vegetables.— The following valu- 
able table of time for the boiling of vegetables will be of 
use to many cooks: 

Asparagus, fifteen to thirty minutes. Use cold water. 

Beans (shell), one to two hours. Use cold water. 
They will cook quicker by adding a pinch of soda. 

Beans lima, forty to fifty minutes. Use hot water. 

Beans, string, require from thirty to forty-five min- 
utes. The first water should be poured off. 

Young beets, from forty-five to sixty minutes. Use 
hot water. 

Winter beets, from one hour to one hour and thirty 
minutes. Use hot water. Add pinch of soda and spoon- 
ful of salt 

Cabbage, thirty to forty-five minutes. 

Cauliflower, thirty to forty-five minutes. 

Carrots, forty minutes. 

Green corn, from twenty to thirty minutes. Use 
hot water. 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 109 

Dried corn must be soaked over night. Allow it to 
cook one hour. Add pinch of soda. 

Onions, thirty to forty-five minutes. 

Oyster plant, thirty to sixty minutes. 

Early peas, twenty to thirty minutes. Use boiling 

water. 

Winter peas (soak over night) forty to sixty minutes. 
Use cold water and pinch of soda. 

Parsnips, thirty to forty-five minutes. 

Potatoes twenty to thirty minutes. 

Spinach twenty to thirty minutes. 

Summer squash, thirty to forty-five minutes. Should 
be steamed or cooked with but little water. 

Winter squash, twenty to thirty minutes. 

Turnips, cut in halves, one hour; cut in thin slices, 
thirty minutes. Use boiling water and pinch of soda. 

Tomatoes, fifteen to twenty minutes. — Canadian Fam- 
ily Herald and Star, Oct., 1894. 

Vinegar, Substitute for.— Rhubarb. Drain off the 

first water from rhubarb when it has stewed five minutes; 
evaporate it to the requisite sourness, and use it instead 
ot vinegar for the table and cooking. It is an agreeable 
acid, and in many cases it can be used instead of lemons. 
It is a natural acid, and more wholesome than vinegar. 
It may be evaporated to intense sourness, and bottled 
and reduced with water when required for use.— Scanner s 
Cyclopaedia. 

A Fair Imitation of White Wine Vinegar may be 
made of mashed raisins and water, kept in a warm place 
for a month. Three pounds of raisins to two gallons of 
water; add the rind of two lemons. Vinegar makes bet- 
ter when bung is left open for air.— National Farmers' 
and Householders' Cyclopaedia. 



110 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

To Make Cheap and Good Vinegar. — To eight 
gallons of clear rain water add six quarts of molasses. 
Turn the mixture into a clean, tight cask; shake it well 
two or three times and add one pint good yeast. Place 
the cask in a warm place, and in ten or fifteen, days add 
a sheet of common wrapping paper, smeared with molas- 
ses, and torn into narrow strips, and you will have good 
vinegar. The paper is necessary to form the mother or 
life of the liquor. — Moor's Industrial Facts. 

Ventilation in Winter. — Much of the illness that 
comes in cold weather is due to defective ventilation, 
and the greatest possible care should be taken to secure 
thorough ventilation in winter. Its importance cannot 
be too often impressed upon us. 

Good health requires that each person should inhale 
eight cubic feet of fresh air every minute; and this 
amount must be supplied or the health will suffer. 

The continued breathing of impure air depresses the 
system and causes headache and dullness of the intellect. 

We weaken our vitality by shutting tight all the 
doors and windows, keeping the temperature of our 
rooms above 71 deg., and breathing over and over again 
the hot vitiated air. 

It is a mistaken notion that because a room is cold 
the air must be pure. Cold is as readily contaminated 
with impurities as heat, but the cold makes the foulness 
less perceptible to the senses. 

Ventilate the sitting-room when the family are at 
meals. The proper way to ventilate is to raise one win- 
dow from the bottom and lower another from the top. 
This will permit the entrance of pure air from without, 
and the exit of the impure air from within. 

The sleeping rooms should have a supply of fresh air 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 



Ill 



constantly through the night, that the atmosphere may 
not become vitiated during sleep. In the morning the 
windows should be opened wide to admit the air and sun- 
shine. In a well-ventilated bedroom the sleep is more 
refreshing, and the vigor and strengh of the whole sys- 
tem more fully restored by the night's rest. 

There is no ventilator known so efficacious as a fire- 
place; as long as wood or coal is burning in the grate, 
there 'is a constant draft upward which is carrying off the 
foul air all the time, both night and day. 

House plants aid much in purifying the atmosphere 
of a room. They are constantly consuming the carbolic 
acid from the air, and giving off oxygen. 

A lamp burning in a room helps to render the air 
impure by consuming the oxygen and giving off carbolic 
acid. When a lamp burns brightly the air is pure; 
when it burns dimly the air is impure. The air we 
breathe should contain a due supply of moisture, there- 
fore a vessel containing water should be kept upon the 
stove or other heating apparatus, so that it may give off 
moisture to the heated atmosphere of the room. By ob- 
serving this rule you will contribute to your health. - 
Household, Jan., 1895. 

Water.- Simple method of purifying water: It is 
not generally known that pounded alum posssesses the 
quality of purifying water. A tablespoonful of pulver- 
ized alum sprinkled into a barrel of water (the water 
stirred at the same time) will, after a few hours, by 
precipitating to the bottom the impure particles, so pur- 
ify it, that it will be found to possess nearly all the fresh- 
ness and clearness of the finest spring water. A pailful 
containing four gallons may be purified by a single tea- 
poonful of alum.— Ex. 



112 home economy, etc. 

Signs of the Presence of Springs of Water. — 
For ages many absurd fables were believed with respect 
to the best method of discovering springs, and even now 
the divining rod has not lost its partisans. There are, 
however, indications which may lead to the discovery of 
springs in cases where nothing would appear to those 
unaccustomed to observations of natural phenomena to 
induce a belief in their existence. The following are 
some of the more simple. In the early part of the year, 
if the grass assumes a brighter color in one particular 
part of a field than in the remainder, or, when the latter 
is ploughed, if a part be darker than the rest, it may be 
suspected that water lies beneath it. In summer the 
gnats hover in a column, and remain always at a certain 
height above the ground over the spots where springs 
are concealed. In all seasons of the year denser vapors 
arise from those portions of the ground which, owing to 
the existence of subterranean springs, are more damp, 
especially in the morning or the evening. The springs 
to which these rules apply are such as are near the sur- 
face; when the source is lower the only safe guide is to 
bore, but to work this with success a certain knowledge 
of elemetary geology is absolutely necessary. — The Cana- 
dian Star Almanac. 

Hidden Springs. — Undoubtedly there are many 
hidden springs or streams of water, of greater or less 
volume, now lying idle and undeveloped at the base of 
many of our mountain ranges, which might with a little 
skill and labor be opened up for the benefit of those 
seeking homes. A little has already been accomplished in 
this direction in some parts of our mountain home. In 
addition to the valuable items on this subject from the 
Canadian Star Ahnaiiac, the compiler desires to submit 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 



113 



the following hints for the benefit of those who may de- 
sire to look more deeply into this all-important subject. 
Wheat grass, wire grass, joint rushes, and the purple 
lilly, all indicate that water is near at hand. The wild 
rose bush, when it grows straight and thrifty, with 
flowers full and of a deep crimson color and fragrant, is 
regarded also as an indication of water. The presence 
of quaking-asp and straight, thrifty and tall maple, is 
regarded, by some, as a good sign of water. Avoid 
spots where scrub oaks and maple grow. Willows, more 
especially when straight and high, and of smoth bark, 
are said to indicate water not far from the surface of the 
ground. A farmer, as a test for water, sowed a ten-acre 
plot of land down to oats, and dug his well where the 
tallest oral;? grew: He obtained a good well of water at 
a moderate cost. A Mr. Luker, of Davis County, by 
mere chance, discovered an underground stream of water, 
by the ear, while lying prostrate upon the ground. - 
Editor. 

Soft Water.— To every ten gallons of water take 
a quart of bran, tie it up in a strong bag and boil in the 
water. The lime will rise to the top . and can be 
skimmed off. — Scientific American, 1894. 

To Soften Hard Water.— Add two ounces best 
quick lime, dissolved in water, to every twety-five gal- 
lons. Allow the same to stand a short time, so that the 
lime will unite with the carbonate of lime, and be de- 
posited at the bottom of the receptacle. -Boston Journal 
of Chemistry. 

WartS and Corns.— To cure in ten minutes: Take 
a small piece of potash and let it stand in the open air 
till it slacks, and then thicken it to a paste with pulver- 



114 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

ized gum arabic, which prevents it from spreading where 
it is not wanted. — Moor's One Million Facts. 

Warts. — The juice from the stem of the elder will 
soon cure a wart, or the parts can be rubbed with a raw 
potatoe. — E. Fray, 

Watercress. — The free use of watercress, cooked 
and raw, will renew the blood and cure a deep decline. 
— Edwin Frav. 

Note. — Watercress should never be used before well washing it in salt and 
water, so as to kill all insects which infest it. and lay their spawn under the 
leaves. — E. F. 

Weak and Inflamed Eyes.— Borax, one drachm; 
camphor water, six ounces. The above simple prescrip- 
tion is in common use by the highest medical authori- 
ties. Drop two or three drops in the corner of each eye. 
— Exchange. 

Whooping" Cough.— Whooping cough is quickly 
overcome by mixing equal parts of castor oil and syrup 
of rhubarb ; one teaspoonful to be given three times a day. 

Worms. — Important. Effect of worms: Too many 
potatoes, or butcher's meat, or milk not scalded, creates 
endless worms in children, many of whom become emac- 
iated and die from the effects of worms, without the 
cause having been suspected, the worms fattening whilst 
the child starves. Worm powder — Sena leaves dried in 
the oven, next rubbed to powder, is what is sold for 
worm powder. 

To Destroy Worms. — Twenty drops of oil of tur- 
pentine, taken in a tablespoonful of water, before break- 
fast for several mornings, is a quick destroyer of worms. 
Children should be given from four to six drops in a lit- 



HOME ECONOMY, ETC 115 

tie milk, with two or three drops of esssence of pepper- 
mint. — Prof. E. Fray, London, England. 

Worm Cure. — Garlic (roots) cut up, two ounces; 
brandy, one pint. Bottle. Lable and keep well corked. 
Dose for adult K one tablespoonful taken before breakfast 
for two or three days; then fast a day and repeat the 
doses if found necessary until a cure is effected. The 
bowels should be kept regular. Used on board an emi- 
grant ship while crossing the sea, with the very best re- 
sults. — Mrs. Harriet M. Furster, City. 

Pink root and sena is a sure remedy. An ounce of 
each should be steeped in water, and one-fourth of the 
tea be given at a time, once a day for four days in suc- 
cession. Fast a day or two and then take the tea. 
Purge bowels afterwards. —Dr. Gunn. 

Tape Worms. — Dr. Dowler expelled tape worms of 
different lengths by prescribing the continued use of 
slippery elm bark. He ordered the bark to be chewed 
and swallowed in moderate quantities. — Win. B. Dick. 
N. Y. 

Whitewash. — Treasury whitewash, resembling paint. 
This receipt for whitewashing, sent out by the Light- 
house Board of the Treasury Department, has been 
found by experience to answer on wood, brick and stone, 
nearly as well as oil paint, and is much cheaper. Slack 
one-half bushel lime with boiling water, keeping it cov- 
ered during the process; strain it and add a peck of salt, 
dissolved in warm water; three pounds ground rice put 
in boiling water, and boiled to a thin paste; one-half 
pound powdered Spanish whiting, and a pound of clear 
glue, dissolved in warm water. Mix these well together, 



116 HOME ECONOMY, ETC. 

and let the mixture stand for several days. Colored 
matter, with the exception of green, may be put in it, 
and made of any desired shade. It retains its brilliancy 
for many years. Keep the wash thus prepared in a 
kettle or portable furnace, and when used put it on as 
hot as possible, with painters' or whitewash brushes. — 
Techno Chemical Receipt Book. 

Fireproof Whitewash. — Make ordinary whitewash, 
and add one part silicate of soda or potash to every five 
parts of the whitewash. — Dick's Encyclopaedia. 

Wedding 1 Anniversary. --Fifth year, wooden wed- 
ding; tenth year, tin wedding; fifteenth year, crystal 
wedding; twentieth year, china wedding; twenty-fifth 
year,silver wedding; thirtieth year; pearl wedding; for- 
tieth year, ruby wedding; fiftieth year, golden wedding; 
seventy-fifth year, diamond wedding. — Canadian Star 
Almanac. 

Yarrow, its Useful Properties. — Yarrow is of 

great value to use in the manner of tea, in the first stages 
of any disease. By its prompt use it will remove ob- 
structions, colds, fevers, inflammation, pleurisy, spitting 
or vomiting of blood, piles, female weakness, bowel com- 
plaint, etc. — Frays Golden Recipes. 



SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION. 

Mailed to any address on receipt of price. Single 
copy $1.25 to SI. 50 according to binding. 

P. P. PRATT, Proprietor and General Agent, 
231 Canyon Road, Salt Lake City. Utah. 



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